{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T08:54:04Z","timestamp":1777452844295,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]],"date-time":"2015-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1422748800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antiviral Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n We aimed to comparatively assess darunavir\/ ritonavir (DRV\/r) and efavirenz (EFV)-based first-line cART regimens in the reconstitution of T-cell phenotype and function in HIV-infected, late presenter subjects.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Retrospective, ex vivo study on stored peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples of cART-naive, HIV-infected individuals with CD4\n +<\/jats:sup>\n T-cell counts <50>250\/\u03bcl upon cART initiation with either DRV\/r or EFV as third drugs of standard antiretroviral regimens. CD4\n +<\/jats:sup>\n and CD8\n +<\/jats:sup>\n T-cell maturation (CCR7\/CD45RA) and proliferation (Ki67), CD8\n +<\/jats:sup>\n T-cell activation (CD38\/HLA-DR) as well as HIV- and cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific responses (CD4\/CD8\/IL-2\/IFN-\u03b3) were studied by flow cytometry at baseline (T0), T3, T6 and T12 months. Soluble inflammatory markers (IL-6 and sCD14) were measured in plasma at T0 and T12. Wilcoxon and Mann\u2013Whitney tests were used for statistics.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 19 patients started DRV\/r and 15 EFV. Both regimens accounted for suppression of the HIV RNA load (<40 copies\/ml), reconstitution of absolute CD4\n +<\/jats:sup>\n T-cells and CD4\n +<\/jats:sup>\n \/CD8\n +<\/jats:sup>\n T-cell ratio. All study participants displayed a significant decrease of activated HLA-DR\n +<\/jats:sup>\n CD38\n +<\/jats:sup>\n CD8\n +<\/jats:sup>\n T-cells at all study time points, yet no differences were found between study groups in T-cell activation and maturation phenotype. From a functional standpoint, only individuals receiving DRV\/r displayed transitory recovery of HIV-specific IL-2\n +<\/jats:sup>\n IFN-\u03b3\n -<\/jats:sup>\n CD4\n +<\/jats:sup>\n T-cells (T3: P=0.006) and IL-2\n -<\/jats:sup>\n IFN-\u03b3\n +<\/jats:sup>\n CD8\n +<\/jats:sup>\n T-cells (T3: P=0.032).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n DRV\/r- and EFV-based regimens have an equal effect on T-cell phenotype and function in HIV late presenters. A temporary restoration of HIV-specific T-cell immunity early in the course of therapy with DRV\/r possibly implies a more effective control over HIV in the first months following a PI\/r-based regimen, even at late stage of disease.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3851\/imp2990","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,10]],"date-time":"2015-09-10T12:46:40Z","timestamp":1441889200000},"page":"133-142","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["T-Cell Phenotype and Function following a First cART Regimen Containing Either a Protease Inhibitor or a Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor in HIV-Infected Late Presenters: Results from a Retrospective,\n ex vivo<\/i>\n Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Camilla","family":"Tincati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hopsital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Savoldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hopsital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E Stefania","family":"Cannizzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hopsital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giusi M","family":"Bellistr\u00ec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hopsital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Termini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Affairs, Janssen SpA, Cologno Monzese, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marzia","family":"Garau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Affairs, Janssen SpA, Cologno Monzese, Italy"},{"name":"Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Santissima Trinit\u00e0 Hospital, Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Mancusi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Affairs, Janssen SpA, Cologno Monzese, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonella d'Arminio","family":"Monforte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hopsital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Marchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hopsital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-IMP2990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001510"},{"key":"bibr2-IMP2990","first-page":"182672","volume":"2012","author":"Saganic L.","year":"2012","journal-title":"AIDS Res Treat"},{"key":"bibr3-IMP2990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-156-11-201206050-00419"},{"key":"bibr4-IMP2990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2010.00857.x"},{"key":"bibr5-IMP2990","first-page":"869841","volume":"2012","author":"Buchacz K.","year":"2012","journal-title":"AIDS Res Treat"},{"key":"bibr6-IMP2990","first-page":"757135","volume":"2012","author":"Krentz H.B.","year":"2012","journal-title":"AIDS Res Treat"},{"key":"bibr7-IMP2990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.277.5322.112"},{"key":"bibr8-IMP2990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.10.5393"},{"key":"bibr9-IMP2990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.3.2184"},{"key":"bibr10-IMP2990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-129"},{"key":"bibr11-IMP2990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2008.03611.x"},{"key":"bibr12-IMP2990","first-page":"314849","volume":"2012","author":"Bai F.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aids Res Treat"},{"key":"bibr13-IMP2990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/595888"},{"key":"bibr14-IMP2990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.8722"},{"key":"bibr15-IMP2990","unstructured":"Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents. Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in HIV-1-Infected Adults and Adolescents. Department of Health and Human Services. (Updated 8 April 2015. Accessed 21 December 2015.) Available from http:\/\/aidsinfo.nih.gov\/contentfiles\/lvguidelines\/adultandadolescentgl.pdf."},{"key":"bibr16-IMP2990","unstructured":"European Aids Clinical Society (EACS) Guidelines. Version 8.0 October 2015. (Accessed 21 December 2015.) 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