{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T08:54:11Z","timestamp":1777452851417,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]],"date-time":"2015-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1422748800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antiviral Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Depression is the most common mental health disorder among HIV-infected patients. When treating HIV-infected patients with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), potential drug\u2013drug interactions with antiretroviral agents have to be taken into account. We investigated the two-way pharmacokinetic drug\u2013drug interaction and tolerability of concomitant administration of the SSRI citalopram and the HIV-1 integrase inhibitor raltegravir in healthy volunteers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An open-label, crossover, two-period trial was conducted in 24 healthy volunteers. Subjects received the following treatments: citalopram 20 mg once daily for 2 weeks followed by the combination with raltegravir 400 mg twice daily for 5 days and after a washout period raltegravir 400 mg twice daily for 5 days. Intensive steady-state pharmacokinetic blood sampling was performed. Geometric mean ratios (GMRs) of the combination versus the reference treatment and 90% CIs were calculated for the area under the plasma concentration\u2013time curve (AUC). CYP2C19 genotyping was performed because it influences N-demethylation of citalopram to desmethylcitalopram.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 22 healthy volunteers completed the trial. GMRs (90% CI) were 1.00 (0.98, 1.03) for citalopram AUC\n                      <jats:sub>0\u201324<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sub>h<\/jats:sub>\n                      , 0.99 (0.88, 1.12) for desmethylcitalopram AUC\n                      <jats:sub>0\u201324<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sub>h<\/jats:sub>\n                      and 0.77 (0.50, 1.19) for raltegravir AUC\n                      <jats:sub>0\u201312<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sub>h<\/jats:sub>\n                      . Raltegravir plasma concentration 12 h after intake (C\n                      <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sub>h<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) did not change with concomitant use of citalopram. Within each CYP2C19 phenotype subgroup the citalopram metabolite-to-parent ratio, which is a measure for metabolic enzyme activity, was not influenced by concomitant raltegravir use.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Raltegravir does not influence the pharmacokinetics of citalopram and desmethylcitalopram. Citalopram did not change the pharmacokinetics of raltegravir in a clinically meaningful way. The combination was well tolerated and can be administered without dose adjustments. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01978782.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3851\/imp2993","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,16]],"date-time":"2015-09-16T10:28:20Z","timestamp":1442399300000},"page":"143-152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Pharmacokinetic Drug\u2013drug Interaction Study between Raltegravir and Citalopram"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Maren I","family":"Blonk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charlotte CA","family":"Langemeijer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela PH","family":"Colbers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karin EJ","family":"Hoogtanders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands"},{"name":"School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ron HN","family":"van Schaik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bas JJW","family":"Schouwenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David M","family":"Burger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-IMP2993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.5.789"},{"key":"bibr2-IMP2993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3283519aae"},{"key":"bibr3-IMP2993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/57.4.376"},{"key":"bibr4-IMP2993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.5.725"},{"key":"bibr5-IMP2993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0B013E31822D490A"},{"key":"bibr6-IMP2993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32811ebf57"},{"key":"bibr7-IMP2993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-014-0220-1"},{"key":"bibr8-IMP2993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2014.946386"},{"key":"bibr9-IMP2993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.2.248"},{"key":"bibr10-IMP2993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2005.19.813"},{"key":"bibr11-IMP2993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1R343"},{"key":"bibr12-IMP2993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e318160d53e"},{"key":"bibr13-IMP2993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-977X(01)00101-8"},{"key":"bibr14-IMP2993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FPC.0b013e328346063f"},{"key":"bibr15-IMP2993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(98)00353-9"},{"key":"bibr16-IMP2993","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)36462-6","volume":"280","author":"Kobayashi K.","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"bibr17-IMP2993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00008571-199702000-00001"},{"key":"bibr18-IMP2993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-7258(99)00048-0"},{"key":"bibr19-IMP2993","first-page":"241","volume":"25","author":"Bezchlibnyk-Butler K.","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Psychiatry Neurosci"},{"key":"bibr20-IMP2993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-014-0162-1"},{"key":"bibr21-IMP2993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.31.10.1255"},{"key":"bibr22-IMP2993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.102.046532"},{"key":"bibr23-IMP2993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-916184"},{"key":"bibr24-IMP2993","unstructured":"DHHS. Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in HIV-1-Infected Adults and Adolescents. (Updated 8 April 2015. Accessed 1 July 2015.) Available from http:\/\/aidsinfo.nih.gov\/contentfiles\/lvguidelines\/adultandadolescentgl.pdf."},{"key":"bibr25-IMP2993","unstructured":"Isentress E.M.A. Summary of Product Characteristics. (Updated 9 March 2015. Accessed 1 July 2015.) Available from http:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/docs\/en_GB\/document_library\/EPAR_-_Product_Information\/human\/000860\/WC500037405.pdf."},{"key":"bibr26-IMP2993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32830e0169"},{"key":"bibr27-IMP2993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00005-08"},{"key":"bibr28-IMP2993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2009.03546.x"},{"key":"bibr29-IMP2993","unstructured":"Isentress F.D.A. Prescribing information. (Updated 20 February 2015. Accessed 1 July 2015.) Available from http:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2015\/022145s035,203045s012,205786s003lbl.pdf."},{"key":"bibr30-IMP2993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3283389129"},{"key":"bibr31-IMP2993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2011.165613"},{"key":"bibr32-IMP2993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00672-12"},{"key":"bibr33-IMP2993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0b013e31820fa528"},{"key":"bibr34-IMP2993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2013.62"},{"key":"bibr35-IMP2993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mcp.2002.126705"},{"key":"bibr36-IMP2993","unstructured":"FDA. Guidance for Industry: Statistical Approaches to Establishing Bioequivalence. (Updated January 2001. Accessed 1 March 1 2015.) Available from http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/downloads\/Drugs\/Guidances\/ucm070244.pdf."},{"key":"bibr37-IMP2993","unstructured":"EMA. Guideline on the investigation of bioequivalence. (Updated 1 August 2010. Accessed 1 March 2015.) Available from http:\/\/www.emea.europa.eu\/docs\/en_GB\/document_library\/Scientific_guideline\/2010\/01\/WC500070039.pdf."},{"key":"bibr38-IMP2993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00623-10"},{"key":"bibr39-IMP2993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr498"},{"key":"bibr40-IMP2993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0b013e31824aa50a"},{"key":"bibr41-IMP2993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000351851"},{"key":"bibr42-IMP2993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.06407-11"},{"key":"bibr43-IMP2993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.06417-11"},{"key":"bibr44-IMP2993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31802b4956"}],"container-title":["Antiviral Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3851\/IMP2993","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3851\/IMP2993","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:52:28Z","timestamp":1777380748000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3851\/IMP2993"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3851\/IMP2993"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3851\/imp2993","relation":{},"ISSN":["1359-6535","2040-2058"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1359-6535","type":"print"},{"value":"2040-2058","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]]}}}