{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T18:08:37Z","timestamp":1790705317954,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,1]],"date-time":"2017-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1501545600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antiviral Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Raltegravir (RTG) and dolutegravir (DTG) have different pharmacokinetic patterns in the gastrointestinal tract. To determine if this results in pharmacodynamic differences, we compared HIV RNA, HIV DNA and immunological markers in gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) of HIV-infected participants receiving RTG or DTG with tenofovir+emtricitabine (TDF\/FTC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      GALT specimens from the terminal ileum, splenic flexure and rectum were obtained by colonoscopy at a single time point in 20 adults treated with RTG ( n=10) or DTG ( n=10) with HIV RNA &lt;50 copies\/ml. Flow cytometry, drug concentrations, and HIV RNA and DNA were analysed in tissue. CD4\/8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T-cells were tested for \u03b3\u03b4 TCR, and markers of T-cell activation and exhaustion. Data are reported as median (Q1\u2013Q3).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 15 men and 5 women were enrolled. There was no difference in time since HIV diagnosis for those on RTG (9.5 [4\u201322] years) and DTG (17 [1\u201324] years; P=0.6), although time on RTG (5.4 [2.3\u20136.7] years) was greater than DTG (1.0 [0.1\u20131.5] years; P&lt;0.001). Concentrations of RTG and DTG in rectal tissue were similar to previous reports: median tissue:plasma ratio was 11.25 for RTG and 0.44 for DTG. RNA:DNA ratios were 1.14 (0.18\u20135.10) for the RTG group and 0.90 (0.30\u201318.87) for the DTG group ( P=0.95). No differences ( P\u22650.1) between CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      and CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T-cell markers were found.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RTG produced higher tissue exposures than DTG, but no significant differences in GALT HIV RNA, DNA or most immunological markers were observed. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02218320.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3851\/imp3236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]],"date-time":"2018-05-01T05:52:18Z","timestamp":1525153938000},"page":"495-504","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Virological and Immunological Responses to Raltegravir and Dolutegravir in the Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue of HIV-Infected Men and Women"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Michael D","family":"Weber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Andrews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather A","family":"Prince","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig","family":"Sykes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elias P","family":"Rosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camden","family":"Bay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas J","family":"Shaheen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan D","family":"Madanick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evan S","family":"Dellon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina De","family":"Paris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie AE","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia L","family":"Gay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela DM","family":"Kashuba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-IMP3236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2016.03.004"},{"key":"bibr2-IMP3236","unstructured":"Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents. Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in HIV-1-infected adults and adolescents. Department of Health and Human Services. (Updated 28 January 2016. Accessed 12 May 2016.) Available from http:\/\/aidsinfo.nih.gov\/contentfiles\/lvguidelines\/AdultandAdolescentGL.pdf."},{"key":"bibr3-IMP3236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/527324"},{"key":"bibr4-IMP3236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000059"},{"key":"bibr5-IMP3236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-09-3333"},{"key":"bibr6-IMP3236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32835f2b49"},{"key":"bibr7-IMP3236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31829ed7a4"},{"key":"bibr8-IMP3236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13361-012-0505-9"},{"key":"bibr9-IMP3236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13361-014-0884-1"},{"key":"bibr10-IMP3236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-014-8220-y"},{"key":"bibr11-IMP3236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7171\/jbt.13-2403-002"},{"key":"bibr12-IMP3236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1979.4310076"},{"key":"bibr13-IMP3236","unstructured":"ThermoFisher Scientific. Simultaneous Extraction of RNA and DNA. (Accessed 12 May 2016.) Available from http:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/us\/en\/home\/references\/ambion-tech-support\/rna-isolation\/tech-notes\/simultaneous-extraction-of-rna-and-dna.html."},{"key":"bibr14-IMP3236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.10.4531-4536.2003"},{"key":"bibr15-IMP3236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00481-16"},{"key":"bibr16-IMP3236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000480"},{"key":"bibr17-IMP3236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00687"},{"key":"bibr18-IMP3236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005201"},{"key":"bibr19-IMP3236","volume-title":"Specific absorbed fractions of energy at various ages from internal photon sources.","author":"Cristy M.","year":"1987"},{"key":"bibr20-IMP3236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31828ace69"},{"key":"bibr21-IMP3236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61853-4"},{"key":"bibr22-IMP3236","unstructured":"Song I., Chen S., Piscitelli S. Meta-analysis of pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationship of integrase inhibitors.\n                      11th International Workshop on Clinical Pharmacology of HIV Therapy\n                      . 7\u20139 April 2010, Sorrento, Italy."},{"key":"bibr23-IMP3236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-013-0093-2"},{"key":"bibr24-IMP3236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2016.0253"},{"key":"bibr25-IMP3236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-7-78"},{"key":"bibr26-IMP3236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12065"},{"key":"bibr27-IMP3236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir134"},{"key":"bibr28-IMP3236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32834c4ac1"},{"key":"bibr29-IMP3236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0024243"},{"key":"bibr30-IMP3236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32833ef7bb"},{"key":"bibr31-IMP3236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiq138"},{"key":"bibr32-IMP3236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.20.1.21526"},{"key":"bibr33-IMP3236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw253"},{"key":"bibr34-IMP3236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2055-6640(20)30482-9"},{"key":"bibr35-IMP3236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.5.2225"}],"container-title":["Antiviral Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3851\/IMP3236","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3851\/IMP3236","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:52:33Z","timestamp":1777380753000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3851\/IMP3236"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,1]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3851\/IMP3236"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3851\/imp3236","relation":{},"ISSN":["1359-6535","2040-2058"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1359-6535","type":"print"},{"value":"2040-2058","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,1]]}}}