{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T11:21:55Z","timestamp":1789039315297,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,1]],"date-time":"2018-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522540800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antiviral Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Physiological changes during pregnancy can have a significant impact on antiretroviral pharmacokinetics (PK), which may result in reduced drug efficacy. Here we describe the PK of darunavir\/ritonavir (DRV\/r) 800\/100 once daily in a cohort of pregnant women undergoing routine therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) as well as transplacental passage of DRV by measuring and comparing cord blood and maternal blood samples at delivery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pregnant HIV-positive women received DRV\/r as part of routine pre-natal care. Demographic and clinical data were collected. DRV plasma concentrations [DRV] were determined in the first (T1), second (T2) and third (T3) trimester and at postpartum (PP). The target concentration was 550 ng\/ml. Where possible, paired maternal and cord blood samples were taken at delivery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 33 women were enrolled. Samples were taken 14\u201320 h post-dose and measured concentrations were extrapolated to 24 h post-dose. At the time nearest to delivery, all but four had undetectable plasma viral loads (pVL). [DRV] were determined in 1 (T1); 14 (T2); 32 (T3) and 29 (PP). 1 sample was &lt;550 ng\/ml at T2, 6 at T3 and 3 at PP. [DRV] were significantly lower at T2\/T3 relative to PP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>[DRV] in T2 and T3 were 36\u201355% when compared with PP. However, DRV PK in pregnancy were not associated with a lack of virological suppression at delivery as of the 33 patients enrolled in this study, 31 had no HIV transmission from mother to child. Data regarding two candidates were not available as they delivered in a separate health-care facility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3851\/imp3291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,7]],"date-time":"2019-02-07T04:43:28Z","timestamp":1549514608000},"page":"229-233","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Therapeutic drug Monitoring of Darunavir\/Ritonavir in Pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Ross","family":"Murtagh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura J","family":"Else","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth BK","family":"Kuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saye H","family":"Khoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anjali","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marguerite","family":"Lawler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grainne","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Le Blanc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordana","family":"Avramovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niamh","family":"Redmond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John S","family":"Lambert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland"},{"name":"The Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-IMP3291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200544100-00001"},{"key":"bibr2-IMP3291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-013-0017-3"},{"key":"bibr3-IMP3291","unstructured":"PREZISTA\u00ae (darunavir). Prescribing information. Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies; 2018. (Accessed 12 November 2018.) Available from http:\/\/www.janssenlabels.com\/package-insert\/product-monograph\/prescribing-information\/PREZISTA-pi.pdf#zoom=100"},{"key":"bibr4-IMP3291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2010.06.012"},{"key":"bibr5-IMP3291","unstructured":"Biomedical Software. Statsdirect. Cheshire, UK: Statsdirect Ltd; 2016"},{"key":"bibr6-IMP3291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dku400"},{"key":"bibr7-IMP3291","first-page":"16","volume":"19","author":"Khoo S.","year":"2017","journal-title":"AIDS Rev"},{"key":"bibr8-IMP3291","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services. Recommendations for the use of antiretroviral drugs in pregnant women with HIV infection and interventions to reduce perinatal HIV transmission in the United States. AIDSinfo. 2017. (Accessed 23 March 2018.) Available from https:\/\/aidsinfo.nih.gov\/guidelines\/html\/3\/perinatal\/187\/antiretroviral-management-of-newborns-with-perinatal-hiv-exposure-or-perinatal-hiv"},{"key":"bibr9-IMP3291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12366"},{"key":"bibr10-IMP3291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000668"},{"key":"bibr11-IMP3291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12047"},{"key":"bibr12-IMP3291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32833653b2"},{"key":"bibr13-IMP3291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32832e534b"},{"key":"bibr14-IMP3291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP1473"},{"key":"bibr15-IMP3291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-015-0325-8"},{"key":"bibr16-IMP3291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1310\/hct0906-418"},{"key":"bibr17-IMP3291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/650005"},{"key":"bibr18-IMP3291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/427287"},{"key":"bibr19-IMP3291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP1918"},{"key":"bibr20-IMP3291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.8900"},{"key":"bibr21-IMP3291","unstructured":"Moriat P. French treatment guidelines. 2013. (Accessed 20 December 2018.) Available from https:\/\/solidarites-sante.gouv.fr\/IMG\/pdf\/Rapport_Morlat_2013_Mise_en_ligne.pdf"},{"key":"bibr22-IMP3291","unstructured":"British HIV Association. BHIVA guidelines for the management of HIV in pregnancy and postpartum. 2018. (Accessed 20 December 2018.) Available from https:\/\/www.bhiva.org\/file\/5bfd30be95deb\/BHIVA-guidelines-for-the-management-of-HIV-in-pregnancy.pdf"}],"container-title":["Antiviral Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3851\/IMP3291","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.3851\/IMP3291","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3851\/IMP3291","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:52:42Z","timestamp":1777380762000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3851\/IMP3291"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,1]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3851\/IMP3291"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3851\/imp3291","relation":{},"ISSN":["1359-6535","2040-2058"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1359-6535","type":"print"},{"value":"2040-2058","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,1]]}}}