{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T17:46:46Z","timestamp":1793641606000,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Journal of Infection in Developing Countries","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,31]],"date-time":"2018-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540944000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Infect Dev Ctries"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Pneumocystis jirovecii (PJ) pneumonia (PJP) is an important opportunistic infection affecting various types of immunocompromised patients and is associated with an increased risk of mortality. PJ is a unique fungal pathogen which is increasingly common and maybe associated with a higher mortality rate in patients without AIDS. We present the characteristics of PJP, diagnosis, and treatment outcomes between AIDS and non-AIDS patients.\r\nMethodology: We conducted a review of studies of AIDS and non-AIDS patients with PJP using PubMed to search for studies until December 2017.\r\nResults: The annual incidence of AIDS-PJP decreased from 13.4 to 3.3 per 1000 person-years in industrialized countries, while the incidence of non-AIDS-PJP varied widely. Both groups had similar clinical manifestations and radiological features, but the non-AIDS-PJP group potentially had a more fulminant course, more diffuse ground glass opacities, and fewer cystic lesions. The mortality rate decreased in the AIDS-PJP group after the advent of antiretroviral therapy; however, the mortality rate remained high in both groups. A laboratory diagnosis was usually nonspecific; CD4+ T-cell &lt; 200 cells\/mL or &lt; 14% favored AIDS-PJP. Serum 1,3-\u03b2-D-glucan (BDG) had a high diagnostic odds ratio. Combining BDG and lactic dehydrogenase improved the diagnosis of AIDS-PJP. Histopathological staining and polymerase chain reactions could not discriminate infection from colonization when the result was positive. The use of antibiotics, prophylaxis, and adjunctive corticosteroids was controversial.\r\nConclusions: Early diagnosis and treatment can be achieved through vigilance, thereby improving the survival rate for PJP in immunocompromised patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.10357","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,8]],"date-time":"2018-11-08T22:12:05Z","timestamp":1541715125000},"page":"824-834","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in AIDS and non-AIDS immunocompromised patients \u2013 an update"],"prefix":"10.3855","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yuan-Ti","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-Lung","family":"Chuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2222","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,31]]},"container-title":["The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jidc.org\/index.php\/journal\/article\/download\/10357\/1949","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jidc.org\/index.php\/journal\/article\/download\/10357\/1949","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,15]],"date-time":"2019-06-15T04:13:41Z","timestamp":1560572021000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jidc.org\/index.php\/journal\/article\/view\/10357"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,31]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3855\/jidc.10357","relation":{},"ISSN":["1972-2680"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1972-2680","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,31]]}}}