{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T14:18:42Z","timestamp":1790518722759,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Journal of Infection in Developing Countries","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,31]],"date-time":"2020-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604102400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Infect Dev Ctries"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Most children with serious infection diseases suffer from malnutrition. Vitamin D participates in the immune response through endogenous antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) regulation. The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3], AMPs [LL-37 and human \u03b2-defensin 2 (HBD-2)] in the children with pertussis.\r\nMethodology: Serum levels of 25(OH)D3, LL-37, and HBD-2 were detected in 116 children with pertussis aged at 1\u201312 months (67 males and 49 females). Fifty healthy infants at similar age were employed as normal controls.\r\nResults: The serum 25(OH)D3 levels in the children with mild (27.30 \u00b1 5.98 ng\/ml) and severe (24.40 \u00b1 6.27 ng\/ml) pertussis were significantly lower than that in the healthy group (30.16 \u00b1 5.13 ng\/ml; p &lt;0.01). The vitamin D deficiency rates in children with mild (55.9%) and severe (78.12%) pertussis were significantly higher than that in the control group (34%; p &lt; 0.01). The serum levels of LL-37 and HBD-2 were significantly higher in pertussis patients. Spearman rank correlation analysis did not show any correlation of 25-(OH)D3 with LL-37 or HBD-2.\r\nConclusions: Most children with pertussis had vitamin D deficiency accompanied by elevated serum LL-37 and HBD-2 levels. However, the average level of 25(OH)D3 at 26.50 ng\/ml in the infants with pertussis may not affect the immuno-regulatory ability; thus, the infants with pertussis still maintained a higher level of AMPs (LL-37 and HBD-2) against pertussis infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.12317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]],"date-time":"2020-11-10T21:41:56Z","timestamp":1605044516000},"page":"1164-1169","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Increased serum antimicrobial peptide LL-37 and HBD-2 combined with 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 deficiency in infants with pertussis"],"prefix":"10.3855","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Sihu","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanding","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weikun","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiwei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiping","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Longteng","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2222","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,31]]},"container-title":["The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jidc.org\/index.php\/journal\/article\/download\/12317\/2371","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jidc.org\/index.php\/journal\/article\/download\/12317\/2371","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]],"date-time":"2020-11-10T21:41:56Z","timestamp":1605044516000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jidc.org\/index.php\/journal\/article\/view\/12317"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,31]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,31]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3855\/jidc.12317","relation":{},"ISSN":["1972-2680"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1972-2680","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,31]]}}}