{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T02:08:45Z","timestamp":1791684525064,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Journal of Infection in Developing Countries","issue":"02","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,7]],"date-time":"2021-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615075200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Infect Dev Ctries"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the etiology of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) and their antibiotic resistance.\r\nMethodology: Bacterial culture results of LRT samples from 17 hospitals between 2016-2019 were included in the study. All isolates were identified and AST were performed by automated microbiology systems. AST was performed according to EUCAST.\r\nResults: Non-duplicate 30,051 (26,890 HA and 3156 CA) isolates detected as causative pathogen. LRTIs are caused by 85.1% Gram-negative bacterial pathogens and 14.9% Gram-positive. The most common isolates among HA pathogens were Acinetobacter spp. (27.4%), P.aeruginosa (22.2%), K.pneumoniae (17.9%); among CA pathogen S.pneumoniae (19.9%), P. aeruginosa (18.9%), H.influenzae (14.6%). ESBL rate was 62.5% in K.penumoniae; 53.1% in E.coli; 19.1% in Klebsiella spp; 13.9% in Enterobacter spp.; 8.6% in Proteus spp.; 6.3% in Citrobacter spp.; and 4.3% in Serratia spp. Resistance rates to carbapenems and colistin were 92.8% and 12.8% in A baumannii, 39.8% and 7.5% in P.aeruginosa, 47.3% and 18.5% in K.penumoniae. Among staphylococci, 27.3% of S. aureus and 82.4% of CoNS were methicillin resistant. 7.6% of E.faecium and 0.9% of E.faecalis were vancomycin resistant.\u00a0 Linezolid resistant S. aureus, CoNS, E.faecalis and E.faecium rates were 0.3%, 2.9%, 0.0% and 4.6%. Inducible clindamycin resistant rate was 17.2% in S. aureus 38.2% in CoNS. Non-susceptible S.pneumoniae isolate rate to penicillin was 37.0%. 6.5% of S.maltophilia and 4.4% of B.cepacia isolates were resistant to trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole.\r\nConclusions: Antibiotic resistance was mainly observed among A.baumannii and K.pneumoniae and continuous surveillance of antimicrobial resistance patterns in the management of LRTIs is important.\r\n\u00a0<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.12599","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,8]],"date-time":"2021-03-08T21:56:04Z","timestamp":1615240564000},"page":"254-262","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Antibacterial Resistance in Lower Respiratory Tract Bacterial Pathogens: A Multicenter Analysis from Turkey"],"prefix":"10.3855","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1872-028X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aylin","family":"Uskudar Guclu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0451-0142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aylin","family":"Altay Kocak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1793-8092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehtap","family":"Akcil Ok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bulent","family":"Tutluoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2571-0637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmet Celal","family":"Basustaoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Respiratory Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2222","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,7]]},"container-title":["The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jidc.org\/index.php\/journal\/article\/download\/12599\/2465","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jidc.org\/index.php\/journal\/article\/download\/12599\/2465","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,8]],"date-time":"2021-03-08T21:56:05Z","timestamp":1615240565000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jidc.org\/index.php\/journal\/article\/view\/12599"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,7]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"02","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3855\/jidc.12599","relation":{},"ISSN":["1972-2680"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1972-2680","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,7]]}}}