{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T11:44:15Z","timestamp":1747223055737,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Journal of Infection in Developing Countries","issue":"02","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,7]],"date-time":"2021-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615075200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Infect Dev Ctries"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Increased risk of cardiovascular disease in HIV-infected patients was tought to be the cause of multiple mechanistic factors, which changing the HIV care landscape. Antiretroviral therapy (ART), especially protease inhibitors (PI), is one of common HIV treatments that may have some association with this. The mechanism of PI in comparison to other regimens, however, are not clearly understood.\r\nMethodology: Age-and gender-match HIV-infected patients treated with either boosted-PI-based regimen (boosted-PI group, N=30) or NNRTI-based ART (non-PI group, N = 30) were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Parameters determined cardiovascular risks, inflammation, endothelial function, and bone metabolic function were evaluated.\r\nResults: Compared with non-PI, patients in the boosted-PI group had more evidence of dyslipidemia. No statistical difference in the prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis was found between the two groups. Circulating levels of inflammatory markers, C-reactive protein (CRP) (5.4\u00b19.1 vs. 14.9 \u00b1 19.4 mg\/L, p = 0.019) and lectin-liked oxidized lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) (387 \u00b1 299 vs. 554 \u00b1 324 pg\/mL, p = 0.042) were lower in boosted-PI group. Contrastingly, Vascular adhesion molecules-1 (VCAM-1) (160.2 \u00b1 80.0 vs. 147.8 \u00b1 66.3 ng\/mL, p = 0.010), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) (153.7 \u00b1 57.1 vs. 126.4 \u00b1 35.8, p = 0.031) were higher. After adjustment in the multivariate analysis, PI treatment is the only independent parameter associated with the changes of CRP, LOX-1, VCAM-1, and OPG. Subgroup analysis showed that ARV treatment effects differed among participant having dyslipidemia.\r\nConclusions: The major mechanism in which PI-mediated was triggering atherogenesis could be through alteration of lipid metabolism and endothelial function, but no evidence of accelerated pro-inflammatory response was attested.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.12864","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,8]],"date-time":"2021-03-08T21:55:57Z","timestamp":1615240557000},"page":"289-296","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Cardiovascular risks in Asian HIV-infected patients receiving boosted-protease inhibitor-based antiretroviral treatment"],"prefix":"10.3855","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9067-2051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sakaewan","family":"Ounjaijean","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2572-0704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kanokwan","family":"Kulprachakarn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0246-8187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda","family":"Aurpibul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9444-3552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Quanhathai","family":"Kaewpoowat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1429-7709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kongsak","family":"Boonyapranai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1241-5954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romanee","family":"Chaiwarith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Supapong","family":"Arwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1838-4826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khuanchai","family":"Supparatpinyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kittipan","family":"Rerkasem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2222","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,7]]},"container-title":["The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jidc.org\/index.php\/journal\/article\/download\/12864\/2469","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jidc.org\/index.php\/journal\/article\/download\/12864\/2469","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,8]],"date-time":"2021-03-08T21:55:58Z","timestamp":1615240558000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jidc.org\/index.php\/journal\/article\/view\/12864"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,7]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"02","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3855\/jidc.12864","relation":{},"ISSN":["1972-2680"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1972-2680"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,7]]}}}