{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T04:13:39Z","timestamp":1751516019853,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Journal of Infection in Developing Countries","issue":"06","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751241600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Infect Dev Ctries"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Paracoccidioidomycosis is an endemic mycotic infection caused by Paracoccidioides spp., prevalent in Central and South American countries. Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha agents, commonly used for autoimmune diseases, increase the risk of severe infections. We present a case of anti-TNF alpha-related paracoccidioidomycosis in a 71-year-old male farmer from Colombia.\nCase presentation: The patient had oral lesions and chronic cough. A biopsy showed granulomatous inflammation with multinucleated giant cells but no microorganisms. Negative microbiological stains and tests for other infections prompted further investigations. A positive serum immunodiffusion test for Paracoccidioides antibodies at a 1:256 titer led to mediastinoscopy and lung biopsy, which revealed budding yeast in a \u201ccaptain\u2019s wheel\u201d formation. Treatment with liposomal amphotericin B and itraconazole was initiated.\nConclusions: This case highlights the risk of opportunistic infections under anti-TNF alpha therapy and raises awareness of paracoccidioidomycosis associations. Early diagnosis and management are essential for better patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.18939","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T17:11:36Z","timestamp":1751476296000},"page":"987-989","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Disseminated paracoccidioidomycosis under biological therapy"],"prefix":"10.3855","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3928-9310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaime A","family":"Ibarra-Burgos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0065-6654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sim\u00f3n","family":"Correa-Sierra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergio A","family":"Londo\u00f1o-Tabares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2222","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"container-title":["The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jidc.org\/index.php\/journal\/article\/download\/18939\/3686","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jidc.org\/index.php\/journal\/article\/download\/18939\/3686","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T17:11:36Z","timestamp":1751476296000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jidc.org\/index.php\/journal\/article\/view\/18939"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"06","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3855\/jidc.18939","relation":{},"ISSN":["1972-2680"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1972-2680","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]}}}