{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T18:26:20Z","timestamp":1781893580417,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Journal of Infection in Developing Countries","issue":"09","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727654400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008463","name":"Universitas Airlangga","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1004\/UN3\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1004\/UN3\/2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008463","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008463","name":"Universitas Airlangga","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1004\/UN3\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1004\/UN3\/2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008463","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Infect Dev Ctries"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Identifying inflammation and lung damage markers is crucial in reducing morbidity and mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of severity and post-infection lung damage and analyse their relationship.\nMethodology: This was a prospective analysis study at the Airlangga University Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, from March to August 2021. The infection`s severity was measured by examining angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) levels and complete blood count. Lung damage was estimated by reviewing Krebs von de Lungen (KL)-6, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, and MMP-9\/TIMP-1. Two-factor confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and canonical correlation were calculated using Lisrel and SPSS (version 25).\nResults: The research sample included 76 patients. The t count loading factor values were calculated: ACE2 (6.00), neutrophils (-0.80), lymphocytes (-0.63), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR, 1.27), eosinophils (-1.52), basophils (1.72), monocytes (0.05), platelets (0.53), leukocytes (-0.51), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR, -1.15), KL-6 (10.47), MMP-9 (11.91), TIMP-1 (11.79), and MMP-9\/TIMP-1 (-0.24). The t values were: neutrophil covariance error (6.11), lymphocytes (6.12), NLR (6.10), eosinophils (6.08), basophils (6.07), monocytes (6.12), platelets (6.12), leukocytes (6.12), PLR (6.10), ACE2 (0.97), KL-6 (5.63), MMP-9 (2.08), TIMP-1 (2.77), and MMP-9\/TIMP-1 (6.12). t value canonical correlation of 7.04 (t count &gt; 1.96) indicated a correlation between the severity of the patient and post-infection lung damage.\nConclusions: The severity was adequately measured through ACE2, IL-6, IL-10, neutrophils, lymphocytes, leukocytes, and NLR. Lung damage was measured with KL-6, MMP-9, and TIMP-1. There was a correlation between disease severity and lung damage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.19635","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,20]],"date-time":"2024-10-20T17:37:34Z","timestamp":1729445854000},"page":"1320-1328","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Study of biomarkers to determine severity and lung damages in COVID-19 patients"],"prefix":"10.3855","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7042-996X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfian Nur","family":"Rosyid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arina Dery","family":"Puspitasari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3716-2452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wiwin Is","family":"Effendy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6693-7301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Herley Windo","family":"Setiawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arief","family":"Bakhtiar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isnin Anang","family":"Marhana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anggraini Dwi","family":"Sensusiati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jusak","family":"Nugraha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7801-6294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2222","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]]},"container-title":["The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jidc.org\/index.php\/journal\/article\/download\/19635\/3430","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jidc.org\/index.php\/journal\/article\/download\/19635\/3430","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,20]],"date-time":"2024-10-20T17:37:34Z","timestamp":1729445854000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jidc.org\/index.php\/journal\/article\/view\/19635"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"09","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3855\/jidc.19635","relation":{},"ISSN":["1972-2680"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1972-2680","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]]}}}