{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T21:11:17Z","timestamp":1770844277884,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Journal of Infection in Developing Countries","issue":"12.1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735603200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008463","name":"Universitas Airlangga","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1004\/UN3\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1004\/UN3\/2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008463","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Infect Dev Ctries"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: This study aimed to analyze the levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 as biomarkers for identifying lung anatomical and functional abnormalities in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).\nMethodology: Adult COVID-19 patients hospitalized between October and December 2021 were included in the study. MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels were measured from the blood. Chest X-ray was categorized using the Brixia index. A blood gas analysis was performed in the emergency room.\nResults: MMP-9 was higher in severe COVID-19 patients (1,430.09 \u00b1 1,492.22) than in non-severe cases (819.90 \u00b1 750.13) with p &lt; 0.05, but not different between mortality groups. TIMP-1 was lower in non-severe cases (4.88 \u00b1 3.49) than in severe cases (8.61 \u00b1 9.09) with p &gt; 0.05. The increase in MMP-9 was correlated to TIMP-1 with a linear regression value R2 = 0.945. Lung abnormalities were categorized as normal (6.9%), mild (23.6%), moderate (29.2%), and severe (40.3%). Brixia score was significantly correlated with FiO2 (r = 0.547), PaO2\/FiO2 (r = \u2013 0.317), and SpO2\/FiO2 (r = \u2013 0.476). MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were significantly correlated with the Brixia score (r = 0.315 and r = \u2013 0.234, respectively), and PaO2\/FiO2 (r = \u2013 0.291 and r = 0.283, respectively). MMP-9 was significantly correlated with severity (r = 0.313).\nConclusion: MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were related to lung imaging, functional abnormalities, and severity; but were not associated with mortality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.19929","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,26]],"date-time":"2025-01-26T09:15:03Z","timestamp":1737882903000},"page":"S358-S368","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Demystifying the role of MMP9 and TIMP-1 as markers of lung imaging and functional abnormality of COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.3855","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7042-996X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfian N","family":"Rosyid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arina D","family":"Puspitasari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anggraini D","family":"Sensusiati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6700-9921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jusak","family":"Nugraha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2222","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]]},"container-title":["The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jidc.org\/index.php\/journal\/article\/download\/19929\/3558","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jidc.org\/index.php\/journal\/article\/download\/19929\/3558","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,26]],"date-time":"2025-01-26T09:15:03Z","timestamp":1737882903000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jidc.org\/index.php\/journal\/article\/view\/19929"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12.1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3855\/jidc.19929","relation":{},"ISSN":["1972-2680"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1972-2680","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]]}}}