{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T01:31:05Z","timestamp":1792373465462,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Journal of Infection in Developing Countries","issue":"09","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Infect Dev Ctries"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Three great plague pandemics caused by the gram-negative bacterium Yersinia pestis have killed nearly 200 million people and it has been linked to biowarfare in the past. Plague is endemic in many parts of the world. In addition, the risk of plague as a bioweapon has prompted increased research to develop plague vaccines against this disease. Injectable subunit vaccines are being developed in the United States and United Kingdom.\u00a0 However, the live attenuated Y. pestis-EV NIIEG strain has been used as a vaccine for more than 70 years in the former Soviet Union and in some parts of Asia and provides a high degree of efficacy against plague.\u00a0 This vaccine has not gained general acceptance because of safety concerns.\u00a0 In recent years, modern molecular biological techniques have been applied to Y. pestis to construct strains with specific defined mutations designed to create safe, immunogenic vaccines with potential for use in humans and as bait vaccines to reduce the load of Y. pestis in the environment.\u00a0 In addition, a number of live, vectored vaccines have been reported using attenuated viral vectors or attenuated Salmonella strains to deliver plague antigens. Here we summarize the progress of live attenuated vaccines against plagu<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.2030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,15]],"date-time":"2011-09-15T10:56:52Z","timestamp":1316084212000},"page":"614-627","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Developing live vaccines against plague"],"prefix":"10.3855","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth L","family":"Roland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roy","family":"Curtiss III","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2222","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,22]]},"container-title":["The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jidc.org\/index.php\/journal\/article\/download\/21918302\/598","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jidc.org\/index.php\/journal\/article\/download\/21918302\/598","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,19]],"date-time":"2019-07-19T04:15:51Z","timestamp":1563509751000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jidc.org\/index.php\/journal\/article\/view\/21918302"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,22]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"09","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3855\/jidc.2030","relation":{},"ISSN":["1972-2680"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1972-2680","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,22]]}}}