{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T17:53:28Z","timestamp":1773338008081,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Journal of Infection in Developing Countries","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761868800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Infect Dev Ctries"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Phage therapy is a promising alternative for combating multidrug-resistant bacteria, including Acinetobacter baumannii (AB). However, the development of phage-resistant variants after treatment, particularly when using phage cocktails, poses a significant challenge. This resistance can hinder the effectiveness of future phage-based treatments against pathogenic AB.\nMethodology: Three AB-specific phages\u2014AB-phage 22, AB-phage 27, and AB-phage 32\u2014susceptible to an AB isolate, designated ABU-3, were used as a model to study phage resistance development in AB following phage treatment. This study proposes a strategy to effectively eliminate pathogenic AB using an optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI), referred to as the MOI clearance value.\nResults: The MOI clearance values required for complete elimination of ABU-3 were determined to be 10 for AB-phages 22 and 32 and 100 for AB-phage 27. Surviving ABU-3 colonies from lower MOI treatments were analyzed for phage resistance. ABU-3 treated with AB-phage 27 developed resistance to AB-phage 27 but remained susceptible to AB-phages 22 and 32. ABU-3 treated with AB-phage 22 developed resistance to AB-phage 22 but retained partial susceptibility to the other phages at reduced MOI. In contrast, ABU-3 treated with AB-phage 32 displayed complete resistance to all three phages.\nConclusions: These findings highlight a key challenge in phage therapy: insufficient MOI ratio can promote phage resistance. The distinct resistance profiles observed emphasize the importance of optimizing phage combinations and dosages to prevent resistance development during treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.21384","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T17:57:44Z","timestamp":1762279064000},"page":"1495-1502","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Phage resistance profiles of AB-phages treated Acinetobacter baumannii: implications for phage therapy strategies"],"prefix":"10.3855","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6672-594X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tirasak","family":"Pasharawipas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Warunya","family":"Woradulayapinij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Runtikan","family":"Pochairach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Umaporn","family":"Yordpratum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2222","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]]},"container-title":["The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jidc.org\/index.php\/journal\/article\/download\/21384\/3750","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jidc.org\/index.php\/journal\/article\/download\/21384\/3750","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T17:57:45Z","timestamp":1762279065000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jidc.org\/index.php\/journal\/article\/view\/21384"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3855\/jidc.21384","relation":{},"ISSN":["1972-2680"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1972-2680","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]]}}}