{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T01:40:17Z","timestamp":1785807617705,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Journal of Infection in Developing Countries","issue":"01","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769817600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Infect Dev Ctries"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: The increasing rates of AMR have been tolling the healthcare systems globally. This study aims to explore the evolution of AMR patterns against commonly encountered clinical bacterial pathogens at a major tertiary care center in Lebanon during pre-COVID (2019) and post-COVID (2023) periods.\nMethodology: Consecutive non-duplicate isolates of Gram-positive (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterococcus spp.) and Gram-negative pathogens (e.g., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii) were analyzed using MALDI-TOF identification and CLSI-standardized disk diffusion\/Etest methods.\nResults: Key findings revealed persistent methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) rates (36%), increased vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE; 7% to 10%), and high penicillin susceptibility among S. pneumoniae. Gram-negative isolates exhibited concerning trends: ESBL prevalence rose in E. coli (32% to 36%) but remained stable (35% to 34%) in K. pneumoniae. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) rates remained unchanged for E. coli (6% to 5%) but declined for K. pneumoniae (15% to 6%). A. baumannii susceptibility remained critically low (18\u201355%), while P. aeruginosa showed stable susceptibility (76\u201392%).\nConclusions: An overall increase in the resistance profiles among different bacterial species is noted in comparison with earlier studies from this institution. These findings align with prior multidrug-resistant strains and underscore the need for robust surveillance, antibiotic stewardship, and infection control measures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.22191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T18:07:35Z","timestamp":1770660455000},"page":"12-18","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Antimicrobial resistance evolution over time during pre-and post-COVID-19 periods at a major tertiary care center in Lebanon"],"prefix":"10.3855","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"George F","family":"Araj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliana G","family":"Frangieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghena M","family":"Sobh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2209-2663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lina A","family":"Ghandour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2222","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]},"container-title":["The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jidc.org\/index.php\/journal\/article\/download\/22191\/3800","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jidc.org\/index.php\/journal\/article\/download\/22191\/3800","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T18:07:35Z","timestamp":1770660455000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jidc.org\/index.php\/journal\/article\/view\/22191"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"01","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3855\/jidc.22191","relation":{},"ISSN":["1972-2680"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1972-2680","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]}}}