{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T22:37:14Z","timestamp":1773873434009,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Journal of Infection in Developing Countries","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Infect Dev Ctries"],"abstract":"<jats:p>  Introduction: Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is the causative agent of typhoid fever with over 22 million cases and over 200,000 deaths reported annually. A vaccine is much needed for use in young children and the Novartis Vaccines Institute for Global Health (NVGH) is developing a conjugate vaccine which targets S. Typhi Vi capsular polysaccharide. Methodology: Here we describe a method suitable for industrial scale production of the Vi antigen based on expression by a Citrobacter line. We optimized the production of Vi by selecting a suitable Citrobacter strain (Citrobacter 328) that yields high and stable expression of Vi in chemically defined medium under industrial-scale fermentation conditions. Results: Vi-CRM197 made using Vi from Citrobacter 328 elicited high anti-Vi antibody levels in mice and rabbits. Conclusions: Citrobacter 328 is a suitable strain for production of Vi for conjugate anti-Typhi vaccines. Being a BSL-1 organism, which grows in defined medium and stably produces high yields of Vi, it offers excellent potential for safe production of inexpensive vaccines for populations at risk of typhoid fever.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.2495","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,28]],"date-time":"2012-11-28T16:28:17Z","timestamp":1354120097000},"page":"763-773","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Characterization of Citrobacter sp. line 328 as a source of Vi for a Vi-CRM197 glycoconjugate vaccine against Salmonella Typhi"],"prefix":"10.3855","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Simona","family":"Rondini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Micoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Lanzilao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Pisoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vito","family":"Di Cioccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allan J","family":"Saul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura B","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2222","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,26]]},"container-title":["The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jidc.org\/index.php\/journal\/article\/download\/23277501\/790","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jidc.org\/index.php\/journal\/article\/download\/23277501\/790","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,13]],"date-time":"2019-07-13T00:26:41Z","timestamp":1562977601000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jidc.org\/index.php\/journal\/article\/view\/23277501"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,26]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,25]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3855\/jidc.2495","relation":{},"ISSN":["1972-2680"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1972-2680","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,26]]}}}