{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T15:34:46Z","timestamp":1768923286426,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Journal of Infection in Developing Countries","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Infect Dev Ctries"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: In August 2011, Chittoor district authorities reported a cluster of suspected human anthrax cases, to Andhra Pradesh state surveillance unit. We investigated this cluster to confirm its etiology, describe its magnitude, identify potential risk-factors and make recommendations for preventing similar outbreaks in future. Methods: We searched for suspected cutaneous anthrax cases defined as a painless skin lesion (papule, vesicle or eschar) that appeared between July-August 2011 in resident of Musalimadugu. We collected information about clinical details as well as smears from skin lesions from suspected case-patients and described the outbreak by time, place and person.We conducted a retrospective cohort study among villagers aged \u2265 15 years to identify risk factors for acquiring the infection. Results: During 24 June-7August 2011, 16 livestock in the village died. Smears from 5 animals showed gram positive, spore bearing, bacillus characteristic of Bacillus anthracis. Villagers butchered and skinned the dead animals, sold the skin and consumed the meat after boiling it for 2 hours. The outbreak in humans started on 30 July, and 9 suspected cases of cutaneous anthrax (attack rate: 2%, no deaths) occurred till 7 August. The attack rate was higher among those aged 15 years or more. All the smears were negative on gram staining. Persons who had handled [Relative risk (RR): 56, 95% confidence interval (CI): 8.4 -571.8, population attributable fraction (PAF): 87%)], skinned (RR: 28, 95% CI: 8.4-93, PAF=54%) and slaughtered (RR: 21, 95% CI: 6.5-68.4, PAF: 42%) dead animals were at higher risk. Conclusions: We recommended ciprofloxacin prophylaxis to close family contacts, community education to avoid slaughtering of dead\/ ill livestock and vaccination of the livestock in the area.     <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.2635","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,23]],"date-time":"2012-10-23T17:05:00Z","timestamp":1351011900000},"page":"695-699","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Outbreak of cutaneous anthrax in Musalimadugu village, Chittoor district, Andhra Pradesh, India, July-August 2011"],"prefix":"10.3855","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Ramesh","family":"Reddy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geetha","family":"Parasadini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prasada","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chengappa K","family":"Uthappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manoj V","family":"Murhekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2222","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,19]]},"container-title":["The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jidc.org\/index.php\/journal\/article\/download\/23103890\/778","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jidc.org\/index.php\/journal\/article\/download\/23103890\/778","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,13]],"date-time":"2019-07-13T00:30:58Z","timestamp":1562977858000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jidc.org\/index.php\/journal\/article\/view\/23103890"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,19]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3855\/jidc.2635","relation":{},"ISSN":["1972-2680"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1972-2680","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,19]]}}}