{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T15:28:25Z","timestamp":1789140505043,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Journal of Infection in Developing Countries","issue":"09","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Infect Dev Ctries"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: The increasing frequency \u00a0and antibiotic resistance among extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases (ESBLs)-producing bacteria are posing a serious threat. This study sought to investigate the frequency and antibiotic susceptibility of ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae at a tertiary care hospital. Methodology: Data were collected from samples sent to the microbiology laboratory between 2006 and 2010 at King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh. ESBLs were confirmed using Etest strips of cefotaxime\/cefotaxime + clavulanic acid, ceftazidime\/ceftazidime + clavulanic acid, and cefepime\/cefepime + clavulanate. Results: Out of 17,105 samples, 1,076 (6.3%) ESBL-producing isolates of E. coli (808) and K. pneumoniae (268) were confirmed. Among these, 680 (63.2%) isolates were found in urine samples, followed by 287 (26.7%) in superficial swabs, deep wounds swabs, tissues and sterile body fluids, 71 (6.6%) in respiratory, and 38 (3.5%) in blood samples. The overall frequency rates of ESBL E. coli and K. pneumoniae were 6.6% and 5.5%, respectively. The frequency of ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae increased significantly during the study period. E. coli resistance against cotrimoxazole was 71.1%, followed by ciprofloxacin (68.2%) and gentamicin (47%). Similarly, 62.7% of K. pneumoniae isolates were resistant to gentamicin, 59.5% to cotrimoxazole, and 49.8% to ciprofloxacin. There was no statistically significant change in antimicrobial resistance over the study period. Conclusions: Although the frequency rates of ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae increased, no change in the anti-microbial susceptibility was observed over the study period.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.4292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,12]],"date-time":"2014-09-12T03:01:15Z","timestamp":1410490875000},"page":"1129-1136","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae at a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.3855","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Ali Mohammed","family":"Somily","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanan A","family":"Habib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad M","family":"Absar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Z","family":"Arshad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kutubu","family":"Manneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah S","family":"Al Subaie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mogbil A","family":"Al Hedaithy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samina B","family":"Sayyed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahid","family":"Shakoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas S","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2222","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,12]]},"container-title":["The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jidc.org\/index.php\/journal\/article\/download\/25212077\/1147","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jidc.org\/index.php\/journal\/article\/download\/25212077\/1147","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,4]],"date-time":"2019-07-04T00:26:41Z","timestamp":1562200001000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jidc.org\/index.php\/journal\/article\/view\/25212077"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,12]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"09","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3855\/jidc.4292","relation":{},"ISSN":["1972-2680"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1972-2680","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,12]]}}}