{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T07:35:11Z","timestamp":1761896111441,"version":"3.36.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Scientific Foundation Spiroski (publications)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,26]],"date-time":"2015-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1440547200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Open Access Maced J Med Sci"],"abstract":"<jats:p>INTRODUCTION: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and myasthenia gravis (MG) are autoimmune diseases that show some similarities: a higher incidence in young women, relapsing-remitting course and positive anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA). However, they are two different clinical syndromes, which can coexist or precede each other. Thymectomy is a therapeutic option for patients with severe MG or thymoma. There are many cases of SLE after thymectomy described in the literature, so the question arises whether thymectomy predisposes patients to SLE and what are imunopathogenetic mechanisms behind this process.CASE REPORT: We report a case of a patient who was diagnosed with SLE and secondary antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) 28 years after thymectomy for MG. Clinical picture of SLE was characterized by cutaneous and articular manifestations, polyserositis, lupus nephritis and immunological parameters showed positive ANA, anti-ds-DNA, excessive consumption of complement components, positive cryoglobulins. Clinical and laboratory immunological parameters for the diagnosis of secondary APS where also present. The patient was initially treated with glucocorticoids followed by mycophenolate mofetil. During one year follow-up patient was in a stable remission of SLE.CONCLUSION: Thymectomy for MG may predispose SLE development in some patients. Further studies are needed to better understand the connection between these two autoimmune diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3889\/oamjms.2015.096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,12]],"date-time":"2015-09-12T09:38:47Z","timestamp":1442050727000},"page":"439-442","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Secondary Antiphospholipid Syndrome after Thymectomy for Myasthenia Gravis - A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.3889","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Rada","family":"Miskovic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Plavsic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Peric-Popadic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanvila","family":"Raskovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mirjana","family":"Bogic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"52292","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"11565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang B, Tzartos JS, Belimezi M, et al. 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Appearance of systemic lupus erythematosus and myasthenia gravis following thymectomy: two case reports.J Korean Med Sci. 2014; 19:134\u00e2\u20ac\u201c136.","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2004.19.1.134"},{"key":"11578","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gerli R, Paganelli R, Cossarizza A, Muscat C, Piccolo G, Barbieri D, Mariotti S, Monti D, Bistoni O, Raiola E, Venanzi FM, Bertotto A, Franceschi C. Long-term immunologic effects of thymectomy in patients with myasthenia gravis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1999;103:865-72.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(99)70431-8"},{"key":"11579","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krakauer RS, Waldmann TA, Strober W.Loss of suppressor T cells in adult NZB\/NZW mice. J Exp Med. 1976;144(3):662-73.","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.144.3.662"},{"key":"11580","unstructured":"Smith HR, Green DR, Smathers PA, Gershon RK, Raveche ES, Steinberg AD. 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