{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T02:20:38Z","timestamp":1768011638303,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Scientific Foundation Spiroski (publications)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,11]],"date-time":"2017-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512950400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Open Access Maced J Med Sci"],"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: Infections caused by Hepatitis B are one of the world health\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s most serious problems. According to assessments, nearly 500,000 to 1.2 million people die each year due to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis B is one of the diseases which can be transferred through blood and its products. Clinical importance of genotypes of hepatitis B virus and their relations with mutations are well known.AIM: Since epidemiological data resulting from determining genotypes and sub-genotypes of hepatitis B can help a lot in defining a vaccination plan, antiretroviral therapy, detection and prevention of diseases, genotypes of this virus in hepatitis B patients was evaluated in West Azarbaijan province.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, serum samples of 100 hepatitis B patients which were taken randomly from Urmia University of Medical Sciences (UMSU) referrals, Urmia, Iran; and were tested positive for the presence of surface antigens of hepatitis B virus (HBsAg) using ELISA method. In the first method, after extracting the DNA of the virus, sequencing of S genes was carried out using Sanger method, and the sequences were aligned and edited using Bioedit software. In the next step, phylogenic analysis of the sequences was done in comparison with the reference sequences which were extracted from a gene bank, utilising Neighbour-joining assay method with CLUSTRAL W software. To ensure genotyping accuracy, the samples were tested once more, using Nested PCR method.RESULTS: The results were consistent with the sequence method and the dominant genotype in patients suffering hepatitis was type D. In other words, Iranian\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s HBV genotypic types are homogeneous and in close coordination with each other.CONCLUSIONS: The results reveal that D genotype is the main genotype of HBV in West Azarbayjan province. Presence of this genotype conformed with the low rate of acute liver diseases caused by hepatitis B chronic infection, cirrhosis of the liver and hepatocellular carcinoma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3889\/oamjms.2017.206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,12]],"date-time":"2017-12-12T05:39:18Z","timestamp":1513057158000},"page":"875-879","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Hepatitis B virus Genotypes in West Azarbayjan Province, Northwest Iran"],"prefix":"10.3889","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Mohammad Hasan","family":"Khadem Ansari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yousef","family":"Rasmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laya","family":"Abbasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"52292","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"38153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuhns MC, Busch MP. New strategies for blood donor screening for hepatitis B virus. Infectious diseases. 2006; 10(2): 77-91.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03256447"},{"key":"38154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mojiri A, Behzad-Behbahani A, Saberifirozi M, Ardabili M, Beheshti M, et al. Hepatitis B virus genotypes in southwest Iran: Molecular, serological and clinical outcomes. World J Gastroenterol. 2008; 14(10): 1510-1513. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.14.1510 PMid:18330939 PMCid:PMC2693743","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.14.1510"},{"key":"38155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chu CJ, Keeffe EB, Han SH, Perrillo RP, Min AD, et al. Hepatitis B virus genotypes in the United States: results of a nationwide study. Gastroenterology. 2003; 125(2): 444-451. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0016-5085(03)00895-3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(03)00895-3"},{"key":"38156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arauze-Ruiz P, Norder H, BH. R, Genotpye H. 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Genetic variability in hepatitis B viruses. J General Virol. 2002; 83(6): 1267-1280. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/0022-1317-83-6-1267 PMid:12029141","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-83-6-1267"},{"key":"38160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stuyver L, De Gendt S, Van Geyt C, Zoulim F, Fried M, et al. A new genotype of hepatitis B virus: complete genome and phylogenetic relatedness. J Gen Virol. 2000; 81 67-74. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/0022-1317-81-1-67 PMid:10640543","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-81-1-67"},{"key":"38161","unstructured":"Alavian SM, Keyvani H, Rezai M, Ashayeri N, Sadeghi HM. Preliminary report of hepatitis B virus genotype prevalence in Iran. World J Gastroenterol. 2006; 12: 5211-5213. PMid:16937535 PMCid:PMC4088022"},{"key":"38162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu CJ, Kao JH. Global perspective on the natural history of chronic hepatitis B: role of hepatitis B virus genotypes A to J. Semin Liver Dis. 2013; 33: 97-102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0033-1345716 PMid:23749665","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1345716"},{"key":"38163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haghshenas MR, Arabi M, Mousavi T. Hepatitis B genotypes in iran. Mater Sociomed. 2014; 26:129-133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5455\/msm.2014.26.129-133 PMid:24944540 PMCid:PMC4035145","DOI":"10.5455\/msm.2014.26.129-133"},{"key":"38164","unstructured":"Merat S, Malekzadeh R, Rezvan H, Khatibian M. Hepatitis B in Iran. Arch Iran Med. 2000;3(4):192-201."},{"key":"38165","unstructured":"Geramizadeh B, Kaboli R, Behzad-Behbahani A, Rahsaz M, Azarpira N, et al. A nested PCR method for the identification of hepatitis B virus genotype in paraffin blocks of formalin-fixed liver biopsies. Arch Iran Med. 2008; 11: 455-458. PMid:18588380"},{"key":"38166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farzadegan H, Harbour C, Ala F. The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen and its antibody in blood donors and high risk groups in Iran. Vox Sang. 197; 37: 182-186.","DOI":"10.1159\/000466907"},{"key":"38167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aghakhani A, Hamkar R, Zamani N, Eslamifar A, Banifazl M, Saadat A, Sofian M, Adibi L, Irani N, Mehryar M, Akbari HM. Hepatitis B virus genotype in Iranian patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2009;13(6):685-9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.10.009 PMid:19138545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.10.009"},{"key":"38168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lavanchy D. Hepatitis B virus epidemiology, disease burden, treatment, and current and emerging prevention and control measures. 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