{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T15:59:28Z","timestamp":1771948768166,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Scientific Foundation Spiroski (publications)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,10]],"date-time":"2019-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549756800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Open Access Maced J Med Sci"],"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: Cleft palate, due to damage of the soft palate, leads to dysfunction, i.e., inappropriate closure of the velopharynx during speech production, thus resulting in velopharyngeal insufficiency which characterises with hypernasal speech and nasal air loss\/emission during speech production.\r\nAIM: To establish the relationship between the type of cleft according to the Veau classification and the degree of nasal air emission in the speech of patients with cleft using auditory-visual perceptual assessment procedures.\r\nMATERIAL AND METHODS: A group of 40 patients with irregular speech aged 4 to 7, out of which 20 with cleft palate or cleft lip and palate, participated in the research. The Veau classification was used to classify the cleft severity, while an indirect instrumental examination was conducted with the See-Scape instrument to detect nasal air emission during the speech.\r\nRESULTS: The respondents with cleft palate or cleft lip and palate of higher Veau class had a greater degree of nasal air emission during the speech. There is a positive, statistically significant correlation between the results obtained with the Veau classification of cleft lip and palate, and the degree of nasal air emission. The value of Spearman\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s coefficient of correlation is R = 0.46, and the calculated p-value is p = 0.04.\r\nCONCLUSION: A more severe cleft type is associated with an increased degree of nasal air emission during the speech, and vice versa.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3889\/oamjms.2019.145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,10]],"date-time":"2019-02-10T07:10:36Z","timestamp":1549782636000},"page":"352-357","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Relationship between the Type of Cleft and Nasal Air Emission in Speech of Children with Cleft Palate or Cleft Lip and Palate"],"prefix":"10.3889","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Tatjana","family":"Georgievska-Jancheska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"52292","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"62886","unstructured":"American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association. Parameters for evaluation and treatment of patients with cleft lip\/palate or other craniofacial anomalies. Revised Edition. Chapel Hill: American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association, 2004."},{"key":"62887","unstructured":"Leow AM, Lo LJ. Palatoplasty: evolution and controversies. Chang Gung Med J. 2008; 31(4):335-45. PMid:18935791"},{"key":"62888","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johns DF, Rohrich RJ, Awada M. Velopharyngeal incompetence: a guide for clinical evaluation. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2003; 112(7):1890-7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.PRS.0000091245.32905.D5 PMid:14663236","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000091245.32905.D5"},{"key":"62889","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lam DJ, Chiu LL, Sie KCY, Perkins JA. Impact of Cleft Width in Clefts of Secondary Palate on the Risk of Velopharyngeal Insufficiency. Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2012; 14(5):360\u00e2\u20ac\u201c364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archfacial.2012.169 PMid:22508897","DOI":"10.1001\/archfaci.2012.169"},{"key":"62890","unstructured":"Aras I. Govor djeteta nakon operacije nepca. U: Zori\u00c4\u2021 A, Kne\u00c5\u00beevi\u00c4\u2021 P, Aras I. Rascjepi usne i nepca \u00e2\u20ac\u201c multidisciplinarni pristup. Zagreb: Medicinska naklada, 2014:45-53."},{"key":"62891","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Willging JP. Velopharyngeal insufficiency. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 1999; 49: S307\u00e2\u20ac\u201cS309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0165-5876(99)00182-2","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5876(99)00182-2"},{"key":"62892","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He L, Zhang J, Liu Q, Yin H, Lech M, Huang Y. Automatic evaluation of hypernasality based on a cleft palate speech database. J Med Syst. 2015; 39(5):61. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10916-015-0242-2 PMid:25814462","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-015-0242-2"},{"key":"62893","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kosowski TR, Weathers WM, Wolfswinkel EM, Ridgway EB. Cleft palate. Semin Plast Surg. 2012; 26(4):164-9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0033-1333883 PMid:24179449 PMCid:PMC3706041","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1333883"},{"key":"62894","unstructured":"Kummer AW. Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Anomalies: The Effects on Speech and Resonance, 3rd Edition. Clifton Park: Cengage Learning, 2014:191."},{"key":"62895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kummer AW. Speech and Resonance Disorders Related to Cleft Palate and Velopharyngeal Dysfunction: A Guide to Evaluation and Treatment. Perspectives on School-Based Issues. 2014; 15(2):57. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/sbi15.2.57","DOI":"10.1044\/sbi15.2.57"},{"key":"62896","unstructured":"Bluestone CD. Cleft Palate Classification. Pediatric Otolaryngology, 5th Edition. PMPH-USA, 2013:1166."},{"key":"62897","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmed MK, Maganzini AL, Marantz PR, Rousso JJ. Risk of Persistent Palatal Fistula in Patients with Cleft Palate. JAMA Facial Plast Surg. 2015; 17(2):126-130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamafacial.2014.1436 PMid:25611055","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2014.1436"},{"key":"62898","unstructured":"Bla\u00c5\u00bei D, Turkalj M, Dembitz A. Ballovent set u dijagnostici i terapiji nazalnosti i hipernazalnosti kod djece s orofacijalnim rascjepima. Logopedija. 2010; 2(1):27-35."},{"key":"62899","unstructured":"See-Scape visual feedback of nasal emission. Pro-Ed, Inc., 1986."},{"key":"62900","unstructured":"De Bodt M, Van Lierde K. Cleft palate speech and velopharyngeal dysfunction: the approach of the speech therapist. B-ENT. 2006; 2(Suppl 4):63-70. PMid:17366850"},{"key":"62901","unstructured":"Kaewkumsan et al. 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