{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T10:29:43Z","timestamp":1793183383929,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Scientific Foundation Spiroski (publications)","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]],"date-time":"2019-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570752000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Open Access Maced J Med Sci"],"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: Smoking is associated with various systemic conditions and contributes to a huge financial burden to economies around the world.\r\nAIM: The study aimed to evaluate global data about the prevalence of tobacco use among male and female adolescents and to discuss smoking-related oral complications.\r\nMETHODS: The prevalence data of tobacco use among adolescents (13-15 years) was retrieved from the World Health Organization (Global Health Observatory). The World Bank\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s statistics about gross national income (GNI) per capita were used to categorise low-income, lower-middle-income, upper-middle-income, and high-income countries. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase databases were searched to gather updated evidence about the adverse consequences of smoking on oral health among adolescents.\r\nRESULTS: The prevalence of tobacco use was 19.33%, and there were 23.29% of male and 15.35% female smoker adolescents in 133 countries (p &lt; 0.001). The highest prevalence of tobacco use in male (24.76%) and female (19.4) adolescents was found in high-income countries. Significantly higher proportions of male adolescents were smokers than female counterparts in low-income, lower-middle-income, and upper-middle-income (p &lt; 0.001). However, there were no statistically significant differences in tobacco use between male and female adolescents in high-income countries. Low-income countries had the lowest prevalence (14.95%) of tobacco use, while high-income countries had the highest prevalence estimates (22.08). Gingivitis (72.8%), gingival bleeding (51.2%), oral malodor or halitosis (39.6%) is common oral conditions among smoker adolescents. Smoking habit is significantly associated with dental caries, periodontal disease, hairy tongue, smoking-related melanosis, and hyperkeratosis among adolescents.\r\nCONCLUSION: There was a high prevalence of tobacco use among male and female adolescents around the globe. Available evidence suggests a strong association between smoking and compromised oral health among adolescents. Globally, measures should be taken to prevent and control the menace of tobacco use to reduce systemic and oral complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3889\/oamjms.2019.542","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,27]],"date-time":"2019-12-27T18:07:07Z","timestamp":1577470027000},"page":"3659-3666","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Global Prevalence of Tobacco Use in Adolescents and Its Adverse Oral Health Consequences"],"prefix":"10.3889","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Muhammad Ashraf","family":"Nazir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asim","family":"Al-Ansari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nabeela","family":"Abbasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid","family":"Almas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"52292","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]]},"container-title":["Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/oamjms.eu\/index.php\/mjms\/article\/download\/oamjms.2019.542\/4077","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/oamjms.eu\/index.php\/mjms\/article\/download\/oamjms.2019.542\/4194","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]],"date-time":"2021-03-23T17:21:23Z","timestamp":1616520083000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/oamjms.eu\/index.php\/mjms\/article\/view\/oamjms.2019.542"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3889\/oamjms.2019.542","relation":{},"ISSN":["1857-9655"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1857-9655","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]]}}}