{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T17:11:16Z","timestamp":1788801076573,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Spandidos Publications","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomed Rep"],"DOI":"10.3892\/br.2025.1935","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]],"date-time":"2025-02-04T02:13:51Z","timestamp":1738635231000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Efficacy and safety of loxoprofen sodium cataplasms in the treatment of osteoarthritis: A randomized, multicenter study"],"prefix":"10.3892","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Yutian","family":"Lei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guicheng","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, P.R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sen","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Xi'an Honghui Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qirang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Run","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2249","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"key20250314123325_b1-BR-22-4-01935","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.19415","article-title":"Effect of intra-articular platelet-rich plasma vs placebo injection on pain and medial tibial cartilage volume in patients with knee osteoarthritis: The RESTORE Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"326","author":"Bennell","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"key20250314123325_b2-BR-22-4-01935","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.22171","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of hip and knee osteoarthritis. A review","volume":"325","author":"Katz","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1568","key":"key20250314123325_b3-BR-22-4-01935","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.19675","article-title":"Evaluation and treatment of knee pain: A review","volume":"330","author":"Duong","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"key20250314123325_b4-BR-22-4-01935","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-023-01021-4","article-title":"Placebo effects in osteoarthritis: Implications for treatment and drug development","volume":"19","author":"Neogi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"key20250314123325_b5-BR-22-4-01935","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3107","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000000563","article-title":"Prediction of early functional outcomes in patients after robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty: A nomogram prediction model","volume":"109","author":"Duan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"key20250314123325_b6-BR-22-4-01935","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000000002","article-title":"Robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty is more advantageous for knees with severe deformity: A randomized controlled trial study design","volume":"109","author":"Tian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"key20250314123325_b7-BR-22-4-01935","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-212662","article-title":"Eular recommendations for the health professional's approach to pain management in inflammatory arthritis and osteoarthritis","volume":"77","author":"Geenen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"key20250314123325_b8-BR-22-4-01935","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.07.801","article-title":"Cross-sectional analysis of recommendations for the treatment of hip and knee osteoarthritis in clinical guidelines","volume":"103","author":"Bichsel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"key20250314123325_b9-BR-22-4-01935","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42530","article-title":"Age-associated changes in knee osteoarthritis,pain-related behaviors, and dorsal root ganglia immunophenotyping of male and female mice","volume":"75","author":"Geraghty","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"key20250314123325_b10-BR-22-4-01935","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24851","article-title":"Health literacy and appropriateness of self-care and pain management in osteoarthritis: An understanding of the patient's perspective","volume":"75","author":"Hunter","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"key20250314123325_b11-BR-22-4-01935","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1007\/s40261-016-0440-9","article-title":"Loxoprofen: A review in pain and inflammation","volume":"36","author":"Greig","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Drug Investig"},{"key":"key20250314123325_b12-BR-22-4-01935","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2019.06.011","article-title":"OARSI guidelines for the non-surgical management of knee, hip, and polyarticular osteoarthritis","volume":"27","author":"Bannuru","year":"2019","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"key20250314123325_b13-BR-22-4-01935","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-020-00523-9","article-title":"Non-surgical management of knee osteoarthritis: Comparison of ESCEO and OARSI 2019 guidelines","volume":"17","author":"Arden","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"key20250314123325_b14-BR-22-4-01935","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2022-105898","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of exercise therapy and oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and paracetamol for knee or hip osteoarthritis: A network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"57","author":"Weng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"key20250314123325_b15-BR-22-4-01935","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3761","DOI":"10.26355\/eurrev_202406_36381","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of topical nsaids combined with physiotherapy for frozen shoulder: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"28","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"key20250314123325_b16-BR-22-4-01935","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.2174\/1568010043483980","article-title":"Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs): New targets for the analgesic effects of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)","volume":"3","author":"Voilley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Drug Targets Inflamm Allergy"},{"key":"key20250314123325_b17-BR-22-4-01935","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1080\/10717544.2020.1787555","article-title":"Intra-articular delivery of flurbiprofen sustained release thermogel: Improved therapeutic outcome of collagenase II-induced rat knee osteoarthritis","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Deliv"},{"key":"key20250314123325_b18-BR-22-4-01935","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-014-2701-4","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of loxoprofen hydrogel patch versus loxoprofen tablet in patients with knee osteoarthritis: A randomized controlled non-inferiority trial","volume":"35","author":"Mu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"e44556","key":"key20250314123325_b19-BR-22-4-01935","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.44556","article-title":"Effectiveness and adherence rate of s-flurbiprofen plaster for the pain management of patients with moderate and end-stage knee osteoarthritis","volume":"15","author":"Iguchi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"8031360","key":"key20250314123325_b20-BR-22-4-01935","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/8031360","article-title":"Effects of knee debridement with flurbiprofen on knee function, inflammatory levels, and bone metabolism activity in patients with knee osteoarthritis","volume":"2022","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput Math Methods Med"},{"key":"key20250314123325_b21-BR-22-4-01935","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.14307","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of s-flurbiprofen plaster in knee osteoarthritis patients: A 2-week randomized controlled phase III clinical trial compared to diclofenac gel","volume":"25","author":"Tomatsu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"key":"key20250314123325_b22-BR-22-4-01935","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.20344\/amp.5477","article-title":"Osteoarthritis","volume":"28","author":"Pereira","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Med Port"},{"key":"key20250314123325_b23-BR-22-4-01935","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2018.08.009","article-title":"A synthetic polymeric biolubricant imparts chondroprotection in a rat meniscal tear model","volume":"182","author":"Wathier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"key20250314123325_b24-BR-22-4-01935","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2016.05.010","article-title":"Controlled release of anti-inflammatory peptides from reducible thermosensitive nanoparticles suppresses cartilage inflammation","volume":"12","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"key20250314123325_b25-BR-22-4-01935","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23932","article-title":"Predicting incident radiographic knee osteoarthritis in middle-aged women within four years: The importance of knee-level prognostic factors","volume":"72","author":"Garriga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"key20250314123325_b26-BR-22-4-01935","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-018-0123-4","article-title":"Intra-articular treatment options for knee osteoarthritis","volume":"15","author":"Jones","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"issue":"4881","key":"key20250314123325_b27-BR-22-4-01935","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12873-4","article-title":"Intestinal microbiome composition and its relation to joint pain and inflammation","volume":"10","author":"Boer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"key20250314123325_b28-BR-22-4-01935","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2023.03.001","article-title":"Patients with knee osteoarthritis who receive platelet-rich plasma or bone marrow aspirate concentrate injections have better outcomes than patients who receive hyaluronic acid: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"39","author":"Belk","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"key20250314123325_b29-BR-22-4-01935","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqac125","article-title":"Krill oil improved osteoarthritic knee pain in adults with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis: A 6-month multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"116","author":"Stonehouse","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"key20250314123325_b30-BR-22-4-01935","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5485","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-023-07600-y","article-title":"Meniscectomy is associated with a higher rate of osteoarthritis compared to meniscal repair following acute tears: A meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Migliorini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"key20250314123325_b31-BR-22-4-01935","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-018-0477-1","article-title":"Mechanisms of osteoarthritis (OA) pain","volume":"16","author":"O'Neill","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Osteoporos Rep"},{"key":"key20250314123325_b32-BR-22-4-01935","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002856","article-title":"Three dimensions of pain in osteoarthritis: Development and validation of the osteoarthritis symptom inventory scale","volume":"164","author":"Perrot","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"key20250314123325_b33-BR-22-4-01935","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.04.020","article-title":"Epidemiology of osteoarthritis","volume":"30","author":"Allen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"100587","key":"key20250314123325_b34-BR-22-4-01935","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100587","article-title":"Global, regional prevalence, incidence and risk factors of knee osteoarthritis in population-based studies","volume":"29-30","author":"Cui","year":"2020","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"key20250314123325_b35-BR-22-4-01935","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42089","article-title":"Prevalence trends of site-specific osteoarthritis from 1990 to 2019: Findings from the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"74","author":"Long","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"key20250314123325_b36-BR-22-4-01935","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24131","article-title":"2019 American college of rheumatology\/arthritis foundation guideline for the management of osteoarthritis of the hand, hip, and knee","volume":"72","author":"Kolasinski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"key20250314123325_b37-BR-22-4-01935","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2019.04.008","article-title":"An updated algorithm recommendation for the management of knee osteoarthritis from the european society for clinical and economic aspects of osteoporosis, osteoarthritis and musculoskeletal diseases (ESCEO)","volume":"49","author":"Bruy\u00e8re","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"1352","key":"key20250314123325_b38-BR-22-4-01935","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11051352","article-title":"Factors influencing pain management of patients with osteoarthritis: A cross-sectional study","volume":"11","author":"Mezey","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"key20250314123325_b39-BR-22-4-01935","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-020-0366-z","article-title":"Cardiovascular effects and safety of (non-aspirin) NSAIDs","volume":"17","author":"Schjerning","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"key20250314123325_b40-BR-22-4-01935","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-098043","article-title":"Relative efficacy and safety of topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for osteoarthritis: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and observational studies","volume":"52","author":"Zeng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"n2321","key":"key20250314123325_b41-BR-22-4-01935","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n2321","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioid treatment for knee and hip osteoarthritis: Network meta-analysis","volume":"375","author":"Da Costa","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"key20250314123325_b42-BR-22-4-01935","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2023-224339","article-title":"Major adverse cardiovascular events and mortality with opioids versus NSAIDs initiation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"82","author":"Ozen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"key20250314123325_b43-BR-22-4-01935","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5087","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S266175","article-title":"Loxoprofen sodium alleviates oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by angiotensin II in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)","volume":"14","author":"Ji","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther"},{"key":"key20250314123325_b44-BR-22-4-01935","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2017.11.014","article-title":"Osteoarthritis year in review 2017: Clinical","volume":"26","author":"Nelson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"key20250314123325_b45-BR-22-4-01935","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2145","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S202410","article-title":"Preemptive analgesia after lumbar spine surgery by pregabalin and celecoxib: A prospective study","volume":"13","author":"Kien","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther"},{"key":"key20250314123325_b46-BR-22-4-01935","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2017.11.008","article-title":"Pain, racial discrimination, and depressive symptoms among African American women","volume":"19","author":"Walker Taylor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pain Manag Nurs"},{"key":"key20250314123325_b47-BR-22-4-01935","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2187","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000002797","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of flurbiprofen cataplasms versus loxoprofen sodium cataplasms in knee osteoarthritis: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"136","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"}],"container-title":["Biomedical Reports"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T06:33:33Z","timestamp":1741934013000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.spandidos-publications.com\/10.3892\/br.2025.1935"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/br.2025.1935","relation":{},"ISSN":["2049-9434","2049-9442"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2049-9434","type":"print"},{"value":"2049-9442","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]]},"article-number":"57"}}