{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T13:13:15Z","timestamp":1790169195864,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Spandidos Publications","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Exp Ther Med"],"DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2021.10406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]],"date-time":"2021-07-08T12:33:43Z","timestamp":1625747623000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Evaluation of animal models of Crohn's disease with anal fistula (Review)"],"prefix":"10.3892","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Shuangshuang","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keyuan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongxin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enjing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Center, Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2249","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"key20210812132946_b1-etm-0-0-10406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.32362","article-title":"The natural history of fistulizing Crohn's disease in olmsted county, minnesota","volume":"122","author":"Schwartz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"e1001","key":"key20210812132946_b2-etm-0-0-10406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cti2.1001","article-title":"Genome-wide association studies in Crohn's disease: Past, present and future","volume":"7","author":"Verstockt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Transl Immunology"},{"key":"key20210812132946_b3-etm-0-0-10406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S37","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e31802db364","article-title":"Bacteria in Crohn's disease: Mechanisms of inflammation and therapeutic implications","volume":"41 (Suppl 1)","author":"Balfour Sartor","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"key20210812132946_b4-etm-0-0-10406","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1097\/00054725-199709000-00008","article-title":"Enteric microflora in IBD: Pathogens or commensals?","volume":"3","author":"Balfour Sartor","year":"1997","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"key20210812132946_b5-etm-0-0-10406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.11.059","article-title":"Microbial influences in inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"134","author":"Sartor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"key20210812132946_b6-etm-0-0-10406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.09.001","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasound for perianal Crohn's disease: Disease and fistula characteristics, and impact on therapy","volume":"6","author":"Lahat","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"key20210812132946_b7-etm-0-0-10406","first-page":"1384","article-title":"Analysis of clinical characteristics of perianal Crohn's disease in a single-center","volume":"19","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"key20210812132946_b8-etm-0-0-10406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.10.001","article-title":"Increasing incidence and prevalence of the inflammatory bowel diseases with time, based on systematic review","volume":"142","author":"Molodecky","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"key20210812132946_b9-etm-0-0-10406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.104","article-title":"Perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease: Pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy","volume":"14","author":"Pan\u00e9s","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"key20210812132946_b10-etm-0-0-10406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.21.6.525","article-title":"Occurrence and outcome after primary treatment of anal fistulae in Crohn's disease","volume":"21","author":"Hellers","year":"1980","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"key20210812132946_b11-etm-0-0-10406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/DCR.0b013e3181973487","article-title":"Expanded adipose-derived stem cells for the treatment of complex perianal fistula: A phase II clinical trial","volume":"52","author":"Garcia-Olmo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"key20210812132946_b12-etm-0-0-10406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.2017.1281434","article-title":"Local application of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells supports the healing of fistula: Prospective randomised study on rat model of fistulising Crohn's disease","volume":"52","author":"Ryska","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroentero"},{"key":"key20210812132946_b13-etm-0-0-10406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s004330050105","article-title":"Creation of a caecostoma in mice as a model of an enterocutaneous fistula","volume":"198","author":"B\u00fcltmann","year":"1998","journal-title":"Res Exp Med (Berl)"},{"key":"key20210812132946_b14-etm-0-0-10406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31203-X","article-title":"Expanded allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Cx601) for complex perianal fistulas in Crohn's disease: A phase 3 randomized, double-blind controlled trial","volume":"388","author":"Pan\u00e9s","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key20210812132946_b15-etm-0-0-10406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izz288","article-title":"Preclinical model of perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease","volume":"26","author":"Flacs","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"key20210812132946_b16-etm-0-0-10406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-016-0722-y","article-title":"The comparison of CT fistulography and MR imaging of perianal fistulae with surgical findings: A case-control study","volume":"41","author":"Soker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Abdom Radiol (NY)"},{"key":"key20210812132946_b17-etm-0-0-10406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4141(200005)30:5<1486::AID-IMMU1486>3.0.CO;2-8","article-title":"Hapten-induced colitis associated with maintained Th1 and inflammatory responses in IFN-gamma receptor-deficient mice","volume":"30","author":"Camoglio","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"key20210812132946_b18-etm-0-0-10406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2003.50148","article-title":"Emergence of perianal fistulizing disease in the SAMP1\/YitFc mouse, a spontaneous model of chronic ileitis","volume":"124","author":"Rivera-Nieves","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"key20210812132946_b19-etm-0-0-10406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.43.1.71","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease-like enteritis and caecitis in a senescence accelerated mouse P1\/Yit strain","volume":"43","author":"Matsumoto","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"key20210812132946_b20-etm-0-0-10406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjy226","article-title":"Transplantation of human intestine into the mouse: A novel platform for study of inflammatory enterocutaneous fistulas","volume":"13","author":"Bruckner","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"key20210812132946_b21-etm-0-0-10406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-0436.1995.5850361.x","article-title":"Human intestinal development in a severe-combined immunodeficient xenograft model","volume":"58","author":"Savidge","year":"1995","journal-title":"Differentiation"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20210812132946_b22-etm-0-0-10406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40169-015-0046-5","article-title":"Hallmarks of epithelial to mesenchymal transition are detectable in Crohn's disease associated intestinal fibrosis","volume":"4","author":"Scharl","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Transl Med"},{"key":"key20210812132946_b23-etm-0-0-10406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.4291\/wjgp.v5.i3.205","article-title":"Pathophysiology of fistula formation in Crohn's disease","volume":"5","author":"Scharl","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol"},{"key":"key20210812132946_b24-etm-0-0-10406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e32836371a2","article-title":"Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in a fistula-associated anal adenocarcinoma in a patient with long-standing Crohn's disease","volume":"26","author":"Scharl","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"e78882","key":"key20210812132946_b25-etm-0-0-10406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0078882","article-title":"The role for dickkopf-homolog-1 in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease-associated fistulae","volume":"8","author":"Frei","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key20210812132946_b26-etm-0-0-10406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21555","article-title":"Potential role for SNAIL family transcription factors in the etiology of Crohn's disease-associated fistulae","volume":"17","author":"Scharl","year":"2011","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"key20210812132946_b27-etm-0-0-10406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00558","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00558-17","article-title":"Type three secretion system-dependent microvascular thrombosis and ischemic enteritis in human gut xenografts infected with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli","volume":"85","author":"Nissim-Eliraz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"2330","key":"key20210812132946_b28-etm-0-0-10406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02330","article-title":"MALT1-deficient mice develop atopic-like dermatitis upon aging","volume":"10","author":"Demeyer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"key20210812132946_b29-etm-0-0-10406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2020.1826716","article-title":"Loss of PKD1\/polycystin-1 impairs lysosomal activity in a CAPN (calpain)-dependent manner","author":"Peintner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"key20210812132946_b30-etm-0-0-10406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1962","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000001254","article-title":"Comparison of stromal vascular fraction with or without a novel bioscaffold to fibrin glue in a porcine model of mechanically induced anorectal fistula","volume":"23","author":"Dryden","year":"2017","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"key20210812132946_b31-etm-0-0-10406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-004-0769-7","article-title":"Experimental model of fistula-in-ano","volume":"48","author":"Buchanan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"key20210812132946_b32-etm-0-0-10406","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1177\/000313480907500814","article-title":"Fecal diversion in perirectal fistulizing Crohn's disease is an underutilized and potentially temporary means of successful treatment","volume":"75","author":"Rehg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"key":"key20210812132946_b33-etm-0-0-10406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000161030.25860.c1","article-title":"Perianal Crohn disease: Predictors of need for permanent diversion","volume":"241","author":"Galandiuk","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"key20210812132946_b34-etm-0-0-10406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i10.1828","article-title":"Experimental porcine model of complex fistula-in-ano","volume":"23","author":"A Ba-Bai-Ke-Re","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Gastroentero"},{"key":"key20210812132946_b35-etm-0-0-10406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.04.027","article-title":"Endoscopy-mediated intratubal insemination in the cow-development of a novel minimally invasive AI technique","volume":"115","author":"Radefeld","year":"2018","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"key20210812132946_b36-etm-0-0-10406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X13508252","article-title":"Upper respiratory tract endoscopy in the cat: A minimally invasive approach to diagnostics and therapeutics","volume":"15","author":"Sobel","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"key":"key20210812132946_b37-etm-0-0-10406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15997","article-title":"Correlation of minimally invasive imaging techniques to assess intestinal mucosal perfusion with established markers of chronic inflammatory enteropathy in dogs","volume":"35","author":"Salavati","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"key20210812132946_b38-etm-0-0-10406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.2217\/rme.15.69","article-title":"Treatment of perianal fistulas with human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells: A canine model of human fistulizing Crohn's disease","volume":"11","author":"Ferrer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Regen Med"},{"key":"key20210812132946_b39-etm-0-0-10406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.03.012","article-title":"Pattern-recognition receptor mRNA expression and function in canine monocyte\/macrophages and relevance to canine anal furunuclosis","volume":"124","author":"House","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"key20210812132946_b40-etm-0-0-10406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-014-0766-5","article-title":"Genetics of canine anal furunculosis in the German shepherd dog","volume":"66","author":"Massey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"key":"key20210812132946_b41-etm-0-0-10406","first-page":"339","article-title":"Managing anal furunculosis in dogs","volume":"27","author":"Patterson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Compend Contin Educ Vet"},{"key":"key20210812132946_b42-etm-0-0-10406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastro.2003.08.025","article-title":"AGA technical review on perianal Crohn's disease","volume":"125","author":"Sandborn","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"key20210812132946_b43-etm-0-0-10406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800630102","article-title":"A classification of fistula-in-ano","volume":"63","author":"Parks","year":"1976","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"key20210812132946_b44-etm-0-0-10406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2003.017442","article-title":"Expression and localisation of matrix metalloproteinases and their natural inhibitors in fistulae of patients with Crohn's disease","volume":"53","author":"Kirkegaard","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"key20210812132946_b45-etm-0-0-10406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800790107","article-title":"Bacteriology of anal fistulae","volume":"79","author":"Seow-Choen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"key20210812132946_b46-etm-0-0-10406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-020-03286-7","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of enteric neurons containing choline acetyltransferase and nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivities in the submucosal and myenteric plexuses of the porcine colon","volume":"383","author":"Mazzoni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"key20210812132946_b47-etm-0-0-10406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-016-4078-5","article-title":"Immune\/Inflammatory response and hypocontractility of rabbit colonic smooth muscle After TNBS-induced colitis","volume":"61","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"key20210812132946_b48-etm-0-0-10406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-020-02686-0","article-title":"Survival benefit of radiofrequency ablation with intratumoral cisplatin administration in a rabbit VX2 lung tumor model","volume":"44","author":"Murai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"key20210812132946_b49-etm-0-0-10406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22729","article-title":"Evaluating inflammation in an obstruction-based chronic rhinosinusitis model in rabbits","volume":"11","author":"Schilling","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"issue":"e017413","key":"key20210812132946_b50-etm-0-0-10406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.017413","article-title":"Ultrafast hypothermia selectively mitigates the early humoral response after cardiac arrest","volume":"9","author":"Boissady","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"40","key":"key20210812132946_b51-etm-0-0-10406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-12-40","article-title":"Establishing a rabbit model of malignant esophagostenosis using the endoscopic implantation technique for studies on stent innovation","volume":"12","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"9957","key":"key20210812132946_b52-etm-0-0-10406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-66780-6","article-title":"Generation of knockout rabbits with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (X-SCID) using CRISPR\/Cas9","volume":"10","author":"Hashikawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"429","key":"key20210812132946_b53-etm-0-0-10406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00429","article-title":"Bacterial and pneumocystis infections in the lungs of gene-knockout rabbits with severe combined immunodeficiency","volume":"9","author":"Song","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"}],"container-title":["Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,12]],"date-time":"2021-08-12T10:39:25Z","timestamp":1628764765000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.spandidos-publications.com\/10.3892\/etm.2021.10406"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/etm.2021.10406","relation":{},"ISSN":["1792-0981","1792-1015"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1792-0981","type":"print"},{"value":"1792-1015","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]]},"article-number":"974"}}