{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T22:02:01Z","timestamp":1791928921638,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Spandidos Publications","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Exp Ther Med"],"DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2021.11099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,28]],"date-time":"2021-12-28T04:28:19Z","timestamp":1640665699000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Lung neuroendocrine tumors: A systematic literature review (Review)"],"prefix":"10.3892","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Cornel","family":"Savu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, \u2018Carol Davila\u2019 University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest\u00a0020021, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandru","family":"Melinte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, \u2018Carol Davila\u2019 University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest\u00a0020021, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camelia","family":"Diaconu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, \u2018Carol Davila\u2019 University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest\u00a0020021, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ovidiu\u00a0","family":"Stiru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, \u2018Carol Davila\u2019 University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest\u00a0020021, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florentina\u00a0","family":"Gherghiceanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marketing and Medical Technology, \u2018Carol Davila\u2019 University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 020021, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0218tefan","family":"Tudorica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest\u00a0050098, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oana","family":"Dumitra\u0219cu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest\u00a0050098, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelica","family":"Bratu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest\u00a0050098, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina\u00a0","family":"Balescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, \u2018Ponderas\u2019 Academic Hospital, Bucharest\u00a0021188, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolae","family":"Bacalbasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, \u2018Carol Davila\u2019 University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest\u00a0020021, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2249","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"key20220302122138_b1-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.06.018","article-title":"Advances in the diagnosis and management of well-differentiated and intermediate-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors of the lung","volume":"151","author":"Wolin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b2-ETM-0-0-11099","first-page":"425","article-title":"Karzinoide tumoren des d\u00fcnndarms","volume":"1","author":"Oberndorfer","year":"1907","journal-title":"Frankfurter Zeischrift Pathol"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b3-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1080\/14737159.2019.1595593","article-title":"Recent advances in the molecular landscape of lung neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"19","author":"Pelosi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Rev Mol Diagn"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b4-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700780218","article-title":"Oat-cell carcinoma of the bronchus","volume":"78","author":"Azzopardi","year":"1959","journal-title":"J Pathol Bacteriol"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b5-ETM-0-0-11099","first-page":"33","article-title":"Neuroendocrinomas and neuroendocrine carcinomas: APUD cell system neoplasms and their aberrant secretory activities","volume":"12","author":"Gould","year":"1977","journal-title":"Pathol Annu"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b6-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)39836-8","article-title":"Atypical carcinoid tumors of the lung","volume":"64","author":"Arrigoni","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b7-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-194012000-00006","article-title":"Transthoracic bronchotomy for removal of benign tumors of the bronchi","volume":"112","author":"Eloesser","year":"1940","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"119","key":"key20220302122138_b8-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2017.00119","article-title":"Low grade neuroendocrine tumors of the lung","volume":"7","author":"Melosky","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b9-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3063","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.15.4377","article-title":"One hundred years after \u2018carcinoid\u2019: Epidemiology of and prognostic factors for neuroendocrine tumors in 35,825 cases in the United States","volume":"26","author":"Yao","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b10-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1111\/pin.12486","article-title":"GLUT1: A novel tool reflecting proliferative activity of lung neuroendocrine tumors?","volume":"67","author":"Benzerdjeb","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pathol Int"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b11-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2019.05.023","article-title":"Neuroendocrine tumors in rare locations: Description of 27 cases","volume":"155","author":"Peinado","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Clin (Barc)"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b12-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)38687-8","article-title":"Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the bronchopulmonary tract. A classification of the spectrum of carcinoid to small cell carcinoma and intervening variants","volume":"89","author":"Warren","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b13-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22300","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1821745116","article-title":"Differential development of large-cell neuroendocrine or small-cell lung carcinoma upon inactivation of 4 tumor suppressor genes","volume":"116","author":"L\u00e1zaro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b14-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2655","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.23883","article-title":"Neuroendocrine tumor epidemiology: Contrasting Norway and North America","volume":"113","author":"Hauso","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b15-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11105","article-title":"A 5 decade analysis of 13,715 carcinoid tumors","volume":"97","author":"Modlin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"135","key":"key20220302122138_b16-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-018-0678-5","article-title":"Incidence and prevalence of neuroendocrine tumors of the lung: Analysis of a US commercial insurance claims database","volume":"18","author":"Broder","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b17-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.5858\/2009-0583-RAR.1","article-title":"Neuroendocrine tumors of the lung: An update","volume":"134","author":"Rekhtman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b18-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"vii65","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdq380","article-title":"Advances in neuroendocrine lung tumors","volume":"21 (Suppl 7)","author":"Travis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b19-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdv041","article-title":"Pulmonary neuroendocrine (carcinoid) tumors: European neuroendocrine tumor society expert consensus and recommendations for best practice for typical and atypical pulmonary carcinoids","volume":"26","author":"Caplin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b20-ETM-0-0-11099","author":"Travis"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b21-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-018-0110-y","article-title":"A common classification framework for neuroendocrine neoplasms: An international agency for research on cancer (IARC) and World Health Organization (WHO) expert consensus proposal","volume":"31","author":"Rindi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b22-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4853","article-title":"Lung neuroendocrine tumours: Deep sequencing of the four World Health Organization histotypes reveals chromatin-remodelling genes as major players and a prognostic role for TERT, RB1, MEN1 and KMT2D","volume":"241","author":"Simbolo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b23-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2016.11.2222","article-title":"Neuroendocrine tumors of the lung: Current challenges and advances in the diagnosis and management of well-differentiated disease","volume":"12","author":"Hendifar","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b24-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-018-2307-3","article-title":"Most high-grade neuroendocrine tumours of the lung are likely to secondarily develop from pre-existing carcinoids: Innovative findings skipping the current pathogenesis paradigm","volume":"472","author":"Pelosi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b25-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199506000-00005","article-title":"Neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia and obliterative bronchiolitis in patients with peripheral carcinoid tumors","volume":"19","author":"Miller","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b26-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2012.05.001","article-title":"Molecular and cellular biology of neuroendocrine lung tumors: Evidence for separate biological entities","volume":"1826","author":"Swarts","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b27-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0b013e3181ec1380","article-title":"NANETS consensus guideline for the diagnosis and management of neuroendocrine tumors: Well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors of the thorax (includes lung and thymus)","volume":"39","author":"Phan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b28-ETM-0-0-11099","first-page":"97","article-title":"Multidirectional differentiation in human epithelial cancers","volume":"13","author":"Gould","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Submicrosc Cytol"},{"issue":"200","key":"key20220302122138_b29-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2020.9330","article-title":"Neuroendocrine syndrome in bronchial carcinoid tumors","volume":"20","author":"Savu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b30-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2014.04.002","article-title":"Clinical presentation and evaluation of neuroendocrine tumors of the lung","volume":"24","author":"Detterbeck","year":"2014","journal-title":"Thorac Surg Clin"},{"issue":"1989260","key":"key20220302122138_b31-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/1989260","article-title":"Cushing syndrome secondary to primary neuroendocrine lung carcinoma","volume":"2019","author":"Zainal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Case Rep Endocrinol"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b32-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2014.06.103","article-title":"Anti-Ri-associated paraneoplastic brainstem cerebellar syndrome with coexisting limbic encephalitis in a patient with mixed large cell neuroendocrine lung carcinoma","volume":"22","author":"Mitchell","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b33-ETM-0-0-11099","author":"Sobin"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b34-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0000000000000630","article-title":"The 2015 World Health Organization classification of lung tumors: Impact of genetic, clinical and radiologic advances since the 2004 classification","volume":"10","author":"Travis","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b35-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.21037\/tlcr.2019.11.30","article-title":"Comparative expression analysis in small cell lung carcinoma reveals neuroendocrine pattern change in primary tumor versus lymph node metastases","volume":"8","author":"Lohinai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl Lung Cancer Res"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b36-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.5146\/tjpath.2018.01436","article-title":"Proliferation marker (Ki67) in sub-categorization of neuroendocrine tumours of the lung","volume":"35","author":"Garg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Turk Patoloji Derg"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b37-ETM-0-0-11099","first-page":"398","article-title":"Association of Ki67 antigen with mitotic count, tumor size, and Necrosis in Neuroendocrine Tumors of Lung","volume":"7","author":"Halimi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cres J Med Biol Sci"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b38-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-016-2062-2","article-title":"Ki-67 labeling index of neuroendocrine tumors of the lung has a high level of correspondence between biopsy samples and surgical specimens when strict counting guidelines are applied","volume":"470","author":"Fabbri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"issue":"152448","key":"key20220302122138_b39-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2019.152448","article-title":"Value of SATB2, ISL1, and TTF1 to differentiate rectal from other gastrointestinal and lung well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"215","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pathol Res Pract"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b40-ETM-0-0-11099","first-page":"5","article-title":"Thyroid transcription factor-1: Immunohistochemical evaluation in pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"12","author":"Folpe","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b41-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1007\/s13402-018-0401-9","article-title":"CXCL12 expression is a bona fide predictor of recurrence in lung neuroendocrine tumours; a multicentric study with emphasis on atypical carcinoids-a short report","volume":"41","author":"Del Gobbo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Oncol (Dordr)"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b42-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3375","DOI":"10.21873\/invivo.12176","article-title":"Genomic profiling and clinicopathological characteristics of neuroendocrine tumors of the lung in East Asian patients","volume":"34","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"In Vivo"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b43-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1201559","article-title":"Mechanisms of p16INK4A inactivation in non small-cell lung cancers","volume":"16","author":"Gazzeri","year":"1998","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b44-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1159\/000497037","article-title":"NETest liquid biopsy is diagnostic of lung neuroendocrine tumors and identifies progressive disease","volume":"108","author":"Malczewska","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b45-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4373","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.13875","article-title":"Ablating all three retinoblastoma family members in mouse lung leads to neuroendocrine tumor formation","volume":"8","author":"L\u00e1zaro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b46-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.5114\/pjp.2017.73924","article-title":"Clinical significance of nestin and its association with survival in neuroendocrine lung tumours","volume":"68","author":"Brominska","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pol J Pathol"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b47-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2019.02.040","article-title":"Stathmin-1 is a useful diagnostic marker for high-grade lung neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"108","author":"Shimizu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"1048","key":"key20220302122138_b48-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03099-x","article-title":"Integrative genomic profiling of large-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas reveals distinct subtypes of high-grade neuroendocrine lung tumors","volume":"9","author":"George","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b49-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2017.03.006","article-title":"PD-L1 expression in neuroendocrine tumors of the lung","volume":"108","author":"Tsuruoka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b50-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2018.01.008","article-title":"Association of PD-L1 expression with tumor-infiltrating immune cells and mutation burden in high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung","volume":"13","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b51-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.1172","article-title":"Relationship of tumor PD-L1 (CD274) expression with lower mortality in lung high-grade neuroendocrine tumor","volume":"6","author":"Inamura","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b52-ETM-0-0-11099","first-page":"3243","article-title":"Prognostic significance of PD-L1 expression and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of lung","volume":"10","author":"Ohtaki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Transl Res"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b53-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.21037\/tlcr.2018.02.02","article-title":"Small cell lung cancer tumors and preclinical models display heterogeneity of neuroendocrine phenotypes","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transl Lung Cancer Res"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b54-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3527","DOI":"10.21873\/invivo.12194","article-title":"Giant intrathoracic schwannoma: A case report","volume":"34","author":"Savu","year":"2020","journal-title":"In Vivo"},{"issue":"1758835920942378","key":"key20220302122138_b55-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1758835920942378","article-title":"Analysis of systemic inflammatory biomarkers in neuroendocrine carcinomas of the lung: Prognostic and predictive significance of NLR, LDH, ALI, and LIPI score","volume":"12","author":"Galvano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ther Adv Med Oncol"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b56-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001444","article-title":"Insulinoma-associated protein 1 (INSM1) is a better marker for the diagnosis and prognosis estimation of small cell lung carcinoma than neuroendocrine phenotype markers such as chromogranin A, synaptophysin, and CD56","volume":"44","author":"Sakakibara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b57-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1177\/1724600820947107","article-title":"A potential prognostic marker in primitive lung neuroendocrine tumor: A case report","volume":"35","author":"Russo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Biol Markers"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b58-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2020.05.019","article-title":"NTRK and ALK rearrangements in malignant pleural mesothelioma, pulmonary neuroendocrine tumours and non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"146","author":"Leal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b59-ETM-0-0-11099","first-page":"628","article-title":"Localized fibrous tumor of the pleura un unusual cause of severe hypoglycaemia. Case report","volume":"120","author":"Pirvu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi"},{"issue":"185","key":"key20220302122138_b60-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina56040185","article-title":"Pleural solitary fibrous tumors-a retrospective study on 45 patients","volume":"56","author":"Savu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b61-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2135","DOI":"10.21873\/invivo.12019","article-title":"Azygos vein aneurysm mimicking a mediastinal mass","volume":"34","author":"Savu","year":"2020","journal-title":"In Vivo"},{"issue":"2531","key":"key20220302122138_b62-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20102531","article-title":"Effects of KEAP1 silencing on the regulation of NRF2 activity in neuroendocrine lung tumors","volume":"20","author":"Sparaneo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"47","key":"key20220302122138_b63-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13000-019-0827-z","article-title":"Comparison of four DLL3 antibodies performance in high grade neuroendocrine lung tumor samples and cell cultures","volume":"14","author":"Brcic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b64-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.24088","article-title":"Immunohistochemical analysis of OTP and NKX6.1 in neuroendocrine tumors of the lung and pancreas","volume":"46","author":"Yoxtheimer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diagn Cytopathol"},{"issue":"86","key":"key20220302122138_b65-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2020.00086","article-title":"miR375-3p distinguishes low-grade neuroendocrine from non-neuroendocrine lung tumors in FFPE samples","volume":"7","author":"Detassis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Mol Biosci"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b66-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.22.2.g02mr01351","article-title":"Bronchial carcinoid tumors of the thorax: Spectrum of radiologic findings","volume":"22","author":"Jeung","year":"2002","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"1533033819842586","key":"key20220302122138_b67-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1533033819842586","article-title":"Predictive value of 99MTC-hynic-toc scintigraphy in lung neuroendocrine tumor diagnosis","volume":"18","author":"Boutsikou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Technol Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b68-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.4103\/ijnm.IJNM_161_18","article-title":"Coexistence of multiple metastatic lesions showing various grades of differentiation in a single patient with neuroendocrine tumor of lung as primary: A combined modality approach of 68Ga-DOTANOC positron emission tomography\/computed tomography and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography\/computed tomography imaging","volume":"34","author":"Tripathy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Nucl Med"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b69-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2020.06.021","article-title":"Commonwealth neuroendocrine tumour research collaboration and the North American neuroendocrine tumor society guidelines for the diagnosis and management of patients with lung neuroendocrine tumors: An international collaborative endorsement and update of the 2015 European neuroendocrine tumor society expert consensus guidelines","volume":"15","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b70-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezx101","article-title":"Adjuvant chemotherapy for large-cell neuroendocrine lung carcinoma: Results from the European society for thoracic surgeons lung neuroendocrine tumours retrospective database","volume":"52","author":"Filosso","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b71-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2018.12.006","article-title":"Complete tumor response of a locally advanced lung large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma after palliative thoracic radiotherapy and immunotherapy with nivolumab","volume":"128","author":"Mauclet","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b72-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1097\/CAD.0000000000000596","article-title":"Phase I trial of belinostat with cisplatin and etoposide in advanced solid tumors, with a focus on neuroendocrine and small cell cancers of the lung","volume":"29","author":"Balasubramaniam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anticancer Drugs"},{"key":"key20220302122138_b73-ETM-0-0-11099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.2147\/LCTT.S249928","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of everolimus in the treatment of neuroendocrine tumors of the lung: Patient selection and special considerations. A systematic and critical review of the literature","volume":"11","author":"Peri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lung Cancer (Auckl)"}],"container-title":["Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]],"date-time":"2022-03-02T05:26:37Z","timestamp":1646198797000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.spandidos-publications.com\/10.3892\/etm.2021.11099"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,28]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/etm.2021.11099","relation":{},"ISSN":["1792-0981","1792-1015"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1792-0981","type":"print"},{"value":"1792-1015","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,28]]},"article-number":"176"}}