{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T06:44:10Z","timestamp":1785825850013,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Spandidos Publications","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Exp Ther Med"],"DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2026.13226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T10:55:48Z","timestamp":1782816948000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical differentiation between pediatric pulmonary tuberculosis and\n                    <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae<\/i>\n                    pneumonia (Review)"],"prefix":"10.3892","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Zong","family":"Wan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tuberculosis, Guiyang Public Health Clinical Center, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, P.R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renjie","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tuberculosis, Guiyang Public Health Clinical Center, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, P.R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiushi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tuberculosis, Guiyang Public Health Clinical Center, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, P.R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tuberculosis, Guiyang Public Health Clinical Center, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, P.R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shusong","family":"Ruan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tuberculosis, Guiyang Public Health Clinical Center, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, P.R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2249","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"key20260804085459_b1-ETM-32-3-13226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2021.11.008","article-title":"Tuberculosis in children","volume":"36","author":"Jaganath","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"issue":"575519","key":"key20260804085459_b2-ETM-32-3-13226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.575519","article-title":"Specific host signatures for the detection of tuberculosis infection in children in a low tb incidence country","volume":"12","author":"Dreesman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"key20260804085459_b3-ETM-32-3-13226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e688","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(24)00339-6","article-title":"The inclusion of children and adolescents in tuberculosis diagnostic development and evaluation-a consensus statement","volume":"24","author":"Bijker","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"CD013693","key":"key20260804085459_b4-ETM-32-3-13226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013693.pub2","article-title":"Screening tests for active pulmonary tuberculosis in children","volume":"6","author":"Vonasek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"key20260804085459_b5-ETM-32-3-13226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(24)00494-8","article-title":"Sequential and parallel testing for microbiological confirmation of tuberculosis disease in children in five low-income and middle-income countries: A secondary analysis of the RaPaed-TB study","volume":"25","author":"Olbrich","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1189647","key":"key20260804085459_b6-ETM-32-3-13226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1189647","article-title":"Immune response plays a role in mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia","volume":"14","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"key20260804085459_b7-ETM-32-3-13226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-024-02467-8","article-title":"Detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in hospitalized pediatric patients presenting with acute lower respiratory tract infections utilizing targeted next-generation sequencing","volume":"53","author":"Fu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"key20260804085459_b8-ETM-32-3-13226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00668-5","article-title":"Effect of systematic tuberculosis detection on mortality in young children with severe pneumonia in countries with high incidence of tuberculosis: A stepped-wedge cluster-randomised trial","volume":"23","author":"Marcy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"key20260804085459_b9-ETM-32-3-13226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2022.2054367","article-title":"Epidemiology of extrapulmonary tuberculosis among pediatric inpatients in mainland China: A descriptive, multicenter study","volume":"11","author":"Chu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"key":"key20260804085459_b10-ETM-32-3-13226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000538","article-title":"Using the Violence Risk Scale-Sexual Offense version in sexual violence risk assessments: Updated risk categories and recidivism estimates from a multisite sample of treated sexual offenders","volume":"30","author":"Olver","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"key20260804085459_b11-ETM-32-3-13226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae158","article-title":"Tuberculosis disease in immunocompromised children and adolescents: A pediatric tuberculosis network european trials group multicenter case-control study","volume":"79","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Molino","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"110998","key":"key20260804085459_b12-ETM-32-3-13226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110998","article-title":"Proteomic and mechanistic study of Qingxuan Tongluo formula and curcumin in the treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia","volume":"133","author":"Wei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"issue":"154504","key":"key20260804085459_b13-ETM-32-3-13226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154504","article-title":"Apigenin suppresses mycoplasma-induced alveolar macrophages necroptosis via enhancing the methylation of TNF-\u03b1 promoter by PPAR\u03b3-Uhrf1 axis","volume":"108","author":"Mei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"key20260804085459_b14-ETM-32-3-13226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.62347\/KGBQ9641","article-title":"Impact of doxycycline on mycoplasma pneumonia treatment and cancer prognosis in pediatric leukemia patients post-chemotherapy: A target trial emulation","volume":"15","author":"Wen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Cancer Res"},{"issue":"e70370","key":"key20260804085459_b15-ETM-32-3-13226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.70370","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between clinical severity and co-infection of human adenovirus with other respiratory pathogens in children","volume":"97","author":"Niu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"key20260804085459_b16-ETM-32-3-13226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.5455\/medarh.2014.68.317-318","article-title":"Descriptive review of the patients suffering from tuberculosis in the past 10 years treated at pediatric clinic of clinical center of sarajevo university","volume":"68","author":"Dizdar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Arch"},{"key":"key20260804085459_b17-ETM-32-3-13226","author":"Zirakishvili"},{"key":"key20260804085459_b18-ETM-32-3-13226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-024-00831-0","article-title":"Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"World J Pediatr"},{"key":"key20260804085459_b19-ETM-32-3-13226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.12659","article-title":"Comparison of tuberculin skin test and QuantiFERON\u00ae-TB Gold In-Tube for the diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis","volume":"57","author":"Uzunhan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"key":"key20260804085459_b20-ETM-32-3-13226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00095-8","article-title":"Xpert MTB\/RIF assay for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"3","author":"Detjen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"key20260804085459_b21-ETM-32-3-13226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.3947\/ic.2014.46.4.239","article-title":"Early additional immune-modulators for mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children: An observation study","volume":"46","author":"Youn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect Chemother"},{"key":"key20260804085459_b22-ETM-32-3-13226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00114-16","article-title":"Mycoplasma pneumoniae from the Respiratory tract and beyond","volume":"30","author":"Waites","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"e006766","key":"key20260804085459_b23-ETM-32-3-13226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-006766","article-title":"Differentiation between mycoplasma and viral community-acquired pneumonia in children with lobe or multi foci infiltration: A retrospective case study","volume":"5","author":"Guo","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"key20260804085459_b24-ETM-32-3-13226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.13805","article-title":"A group of novel serum diagnostic biomarkers for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis by iTRAQ-2D LC-MS\/MS and solexa sequencing","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"key20260804085459_b25-ETM-32-3-13226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.12379","article-title":"Overview of antimicrobial options for Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia: Focus on macrolide resistance","volume":"11","author":"Cao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Respir J"},{"key":"key20260804085459_b26-ETM-32-3-13226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-025-02482-3","article-title":"Panoramic quantitative and visualization-based bibliometric analysis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae","volume":"53","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"key20260804085459_b27-ETM-32-3-13226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000003483","article-title":"FDG PET\/CT in disseminated intracranial and intramedullary spinal cord tuberculomas","volume":"46","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"key":"key20260804085459_b28-ETM-32-3-13226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax-2024-221470","article-title":"A structural and metabolic framework for classifying pre-clinical tuberculosis infection phenotypes using 18F-FDG PET-CT: A prospective cohort analysis following M. tuberculosis exposure","volume":"79","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"103523","key":"key20260804085459_b29-ETM-32-3-13226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2025.103523","article-title":"Local salient location-aware anomaly mask synthesis for pulmonary disease anomaly detection and lesion localization in CT images","volume":"102","author":"Hao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Med Image Anal"},{"key":"key20260804085459_b30-ETM-32-3-13226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.12.017","article-title":"A 7-Year-old girl with multiple pulmonary nodules","volume":"167","author":"Jiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"key20260804085459_b31-ETM-32-3-13226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-021-01442-9","article-title":"Dual-energy spectral CT imaging of pulmonary embolism with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children","volume":"127","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiol Med"},{"issue":"e487","key":"key20260804085459_b32-ETM-32-3-13226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.487","article-title":"Deep learning for precise diagnosis and subtype triage of drug-resistant tuberculosis on chest computed tomography","volume":"5","author":"Liang","year":"2024","journal-title":"MedComm (2020)"},{"key":"key20260804085459_b33-ETM-32-3-13226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-024-02470-z","article-title":"High risk of drug-resistant tuberculosis in IGRA-negative contacts: Should preventive treatment be considered?","volume":"53","author":"Brehm","year":"2025","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"key20260804085459_b34-ETM-32-3-13226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s00108-016-0031-0","article-title":"Standard therapy of tuberculosis","volume":"57","author":"Otto-Knapp","year":"2016","journal-title":"Internist (Berl)"},{"issue":"e20172838","key":"key20260804085459_b35-ETM-32-3-13226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-2838","article-title":"completion rate and safety of tuberculosis infection treatment with shorter regimens","volume":"141","author":"Cruz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"key20260804085459_b36-ETM-32-3-13226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.2174\/1389557515666150722101723","article-title":"Advances in drug discovery and development for pediatric tuberculosis","volume":"16","author":"Hoagland","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mini Rev Med Chem"},{"key":"key20260804085459_b37-ETM-32-3-13226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0578-1310.2016.02.009","article-title":"A systematic review of the therapy for Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in children","volume":"54","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"key20260804085459_b38-ETM-32-3-13226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.3345\/kjp.2017.60.6.167","article-title":"Mechanism of resistance acquisition and treatment of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children","volume":"60","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Korean J Pediatr"},{"key":"key20260804085459_b39-ETM-32-3-13226","first-page":"779","article-title":"Effectiveness of methylprednisolone in treatment of children with refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia and its relationship with bronchoalveolar lavage cytokine levels","volume":"53","author":"Lan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi"},{"issue":"19317","key":"key20260804085459_b40-ETM-32-3-13226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.18.1.19317","article-title":"Active and latent tuberculosis among HIV-positive injecting drug users in Indonesia","volume":"18","author":"Meijerink","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"issue":"18520","key":"key20260804085459_b41-ETM-32-3-13226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep18520","article-title":"Approaching a diagnostic point-of-care test for pediatric tuberculosis through evaluation of immune biomarkers across the clinical disease spectrum","volume":"6","author":"Jenum","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"20","key":"key20260804085459_b42-ETM-32-3-13226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41479-016-0019-5","article-title":"Drug-resistant tuberculosis and advances in the treatment of childhood tuberculosis","volume":"8","author":"Seddon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pneumonia (Nathan)"},{"key":"key20260804085459_b43-ETM-32-3-13226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2015.02.007","article-title":"Diagnostic sensitivity of a rapid antigen test for the detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae: Comparison with real-time PCR","volume":"21","author":"Miyashita","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"key20260804085459_b44-ETM-32-3-13226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2017.12.008","article-title":"Serum lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes 4 plus 5 is a better biomarker than total lactate dehydrogenase for refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children","volume":"59","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Neonatol"},{"key":"key20260804085459_b45-ETM-32-3-13226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.23736\/S2724-5276.20.05538-3","article-title":"Effects of bronchoalveolar lavage on pediatric refractory mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia complicated with atelectasis: A prospective case-control study","volume":"73","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Minerva Pediatr (Torino)"},{"key":"key20260804085459_b46-ETM-32-3-13226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01756","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01756-20","article-title":"Serum-Based diagnosis of pediatric tuberculosis by assay of mycobacterium tuberculosis factors: A retrospective cohort study","volume":"59","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"278","key":"key20260804085459_b47-ETM-32-3-13226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-021-01836-w","article-title":"Paediatric tuberculosis diagnosis using Mycobacterium tuberculosis real-time polymerase chain reaction assay: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Babafemi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"issue":"106404","key":"key20260804085459_b48-ETM-32-3-13226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2024.106404","article-title":"Blood-based diagnosis of pediatric tuberculosis: A prospective cohort study in South Africa and Dominican Republic","volume":"90","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Infect"}],"container-title":["Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T05:55:10Z","timestamp":1785822910000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.spandidos-publications.com\/10.3892\/etm.2026.13226"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/etm.2026.13226","relation":{},"ISSN":["1792-0981","1792-1015"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1792-0981","type":"print"},{"value":"1792-1015","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]}}}