{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T22:06:09Z","timestamp":1770069969427,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"Spandidos Publications","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Med Int"],"DOI":"10.3892\/mi.2025.293","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T10:53:41Z","timestamp":1767005621000},"page":"1-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Application of the humanized mouse model in research into SARS-CoV-2 infection (Review)"],"prefix":"10.3892","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Xiaoyue","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yadong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology, Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, Henan 450016, P.R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinzhao","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2249","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"key20260202122648_b1-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30251-8","article-title":"Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: Implications for virus origins and receptor binding","volume":"395","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key20260202122648_b2-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.052","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor","volume":"181","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"key20260202122648_b3-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5","article-title":"Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China","volume":"395","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key20260202122648_b4-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-020-11061-5","article-title":"Detection technologies and recent developments in the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection","volume":"105","author":"Rai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"key20260202122648_b5-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1097\/CRD.0000000000000480","article-title":"Significant mortality associated with COVID-19 and comorbid cerebrovascular disease: A quantitative systematic review","volume":"31","author":"Sursal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cardiol Rev"},{"issue":"154497","key":"key20260202122648_b6-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2023.154497","article-title":"COVID-19, post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS, \u2018long COVID\u2019) and post-COVID-19 vaccination syndrome (PCVS, \u2018post-COVIDvac-syndrome\u2019): Similarities and differences","volume":"246","author":"Scholkmann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathol Res Pract"},{"key":"key20260202122648_b7-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2829","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14429","article-title":"Distribution of ACE2, CD147, CD26, and other SARS-CoV-2 associated molecules in tissues and immune cells in health and in asthma, COPD, obesity, hypertension, and COVID-19 risk factors","volume":"75","author":"Radzikowska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"key20260202122648_b8-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e03149","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.03149-20","article-title":"Critical ACE2 determinants of SARS-CoV-2 and group 2B coronavirus infection and replication","volume":"12","author":"Adams","year":"2021","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"key20260202122648_b9-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiad037","article-title":"CASP4\/11 contributes to NLRP3 activation and COVID-19 exacerbation","volume":"227","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"134","key":"key20260202122648_b10-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00558-8","article-title":"Cathepsin L plays a key role in SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans and humanized mice and is a promising target for new drug development","volume":"6","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"issue":"5000","key":"key20260202122648_b11-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25331-x","article-title":"A broadly neutralizing humanized ACE2-targeting antibody against SARS-CoV-2 variants","volume":"12","author":"Du","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"15799","key":"key20260202122648_b12-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-95086-4","article-title":"Gamma-irradiated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate, OZG-38.61.3, confers protection from SARS-CoV-2 challenge in human ACEII-transgenic mice","volume":"11","author":"Turan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1117464","key":"key20260202122648_b13-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1117464","article-title":"Long COVID: A review and proposed visualization of the complexity of long COVID","volume":"14","author":"Perumal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"e1009195","key":"key20260202122648_b14-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009195","article-title":"K18-hACE2 mice develop respiratory disease resembling severe COVID-19","volume":"17","author":"Yinda","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"e1011168","key":"key20260202122648_b15-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011168","article-title":"Human ACE2 expression, a major tropism determinant for SARS-CoV-2, is regulated by upstream and intragenic elements","volume":"19","author":"Snouwaert","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"194","key":"key20260202122648_b16-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-025-02293-w","article-title":"Development and characterization of a fully humanized ACE2 mouse model","volume":"23","author":"Ge","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Biol"},{"key":"key20260202122648_b17-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s00335-024-10033-8","article-title":"Generation of a humanized mAce2 and a conditional hACE2 mouse models permissive to SARS-COV-2 infection","volume":"35","author":"Song","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mamm Genome"},{"issue":"e0151023","key":"key20260202122648_b18-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01510-23","article-title":"Adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 to ACE2H353K mice reveals new spike residues that drive mouse infection","volume":"98","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"nwaa285","key":"key20260202122648_b19-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwaa285","article-title":"Rapid generation of ACE2 humanized inbred mouse model for COVID-19 with tetraploid complementation","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Natl Sci Rev"},{"issue":"e29336","key":"key20260202122648_b20-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29336","article-title":"Exploring gut-lung axis crosstalk in SARS-CoV-2 infection: Insights from a hACE2 mouse model","volume":"96","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"e29349","key":"key20260202122648_b21-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29349","article-title":"Generation and characterization of a humanized ACE2 mouse model to study long-term impacts of SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"96","author":"Choi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"e0003824","key":"key20260202122648_b22-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00038-24","article-title":"S309-CAR-NK cells bind the Omicron variants in vitro and reduce SARS-CoV-2 viral loads in humanized ACE2-NSG mice","volume":"98","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"105361","key":"key20260202122648_b23-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2024.105361","article-title":"Influence of Th1 versus Th2 immune bias on viral, pathological, and immunological dynamics in SARS-CoV-2 variant-infected human ACE2 knock-in mice","volume":"108","author":"Verma","year":"2024","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"e3001989","key":"key20260202122648_b24-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3001989","article-title":"Cell-autonomous requirement for ACE2 across organs in lethal mouse SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"21","author":"Tang","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"key20260202122648_b25-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/s11248-021-00249-8","article-title":"Novel transgenic mice with Cre-dependent co-expression of GFP and human ACE2: A safe tool for study of COVID-19 pathogenesis","volume":"30","author":"Bruter","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transgenic Res"},{"issue":"105344","key":"key20260202122648_b26-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2024.105344","article-title":"A murine model of DC-SIGN humanization exhibits increased susceptibility against SARS-CoV-2","volume":"26","author":"Tu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"issue":"e2317026121","key":"key20260202122648_b27-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2317026121","article-title":"Human transferrin receptor can mediate SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"121","author":"Liao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"382","key":"key20260202122648_b28-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01230-5","article-title":"CD147 contributes to SARS-CoV-2-induced pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"7","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"issue":"2048622","key":"key20260202122648_b29-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2022.2048622","article-title":"Human-immune-system (HIS) humanized mouse model (DRAGA: HLA-A2.HLA-DR4.Rag1KO.IL-2R\u03b3cKO.NOD) for COVID-19","volume":"18","author":"Brumeanu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"key":"key20260202122648_b30-MI-6-1-00293","author":"Brumeanu"},{"key":"key20260202122648_b31-MI-6-1-00293","author":"Prakash"},{"issue":"1634577","key":"key20260202122648_b32-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1634577","article-title":"Transcriptomic profiling reveals SARS-CoV-2-infected humanized MHC mice recapitulate human post vaccination immune responses","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"key20260202122648_b33-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6607","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.58321","article-title":"A SCID mouse-human lung xenograft model of SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"11","author":"Fu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"key20260202122648_b34-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202249804","article-title":"Humanized mice for investigating SARS-CoV-2 lung infection and associated human immune responses","volume":"52","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"key20260202122648_b35-MI-6-1-00293","author":"Sefik"},{"key":"key20260202122648_b36-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-021-01155-4","article-title":"A humanized mouse model of chronic COVID-19","volume":"40","author":"Sefik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"key20260202122648_b37-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04802-1","article-title":"Inflammasome activation in infected macrophages drives COVID-19 pathology","volume":"606","author":"Sefik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"12484","key":"key20260202122648_b38-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-39628-y","article-title":"Comparison of infection and human immune responses of two SARS-CoV-2 strains in a humanized hACE2 NIKO mouse model","volume":"13","author":"Yong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"105142","key":"key20260202122648_b39-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105142","article-title":"Mice humanized for MHC and hACE2 with high permissiveness to SARS-CoV-2 omicron replication","volume":"25","author":"Le Chevalier","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"issue":"2272","key":"key20260202122648_b40-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v14102272","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 variant-specific infectivity and immune profiles Are detectable in a humanized lung mouse model","volume":"14","author":"Di","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"110714","key":"key20260202122648_b41-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110714","article-title":"Humanized mice reveal a macrophage-enriched gene signature defining human lung tissue protection during SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"39","author":"Kenney","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"114543","key":"key20260202122648_b42-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2021.114543","article-title":"Animal models for SARS-Cov2\/Covid19 research-A commentary","volume":"188","author":"Jarnagin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"issue":"49","key":"key20260202122648_b43-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41421-021-00290-1","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 infection in the mouse olfactory system","volume":"7","author":"Ye","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Discov"},{"key":"key20260202122648_b44-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virs.2024.03.001","article-title":"Mast cell degranulation-triggered by SARS-CoV-2 induces tracheal-bronchial epithelial inflammation and injury","volume":"39","author":"Cao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Virol Sin"},{"issue":"428","key":"key20260202122648_b45-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00849-0","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2-triggered mast cell rapid degranulation induces alveolar epithelial inflammation and lung injury","volume":"6","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"key20260202122648_b46-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiad526","article-title":"Neutrophil virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2 is mediated by neutrophil extracellular traps","volume":"229","author":"Dos Ramos Almeida","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"e15904","key":"key20260202122648_b47-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.202215904","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 spike protein enhances MAP4K3\/GLK-induced ACE2 stability in COVID-19","volume":"14","author":"Chuang","year":"2022","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med"},{"issue":"e0045123","key":"key20260202122648_b48-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00451-23","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 accessory protein is a virulence factor","volume":"14","author":"Bello-Perez","year":"2023","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"e29915","key":"key20260202122648_b49-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29915","article-title":"A humanized ACE2 mouse model recapitulating age- and sex-dependent immunopathogenesis of COVID-19","volume":"96","author":"Park","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"1397990","key":"key20260202122648_b50-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1397990","article-title":"Aging is associated with an insufficient early inflammatory response of lung endothelial cells in SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"15","author":"Subramaniam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"19703","key":"key20260202122648_b51-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-70612-2","article-title":"Premature aging effects on COVID-19 pathogenesis: New insights from mouse models","volume":"14","author":"Haoyu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"e21745","key":"key20260202122648_b52-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202100051R","article-title":"Plasma ACE2 species are differentially altered in COVID-19 patients","volume":"35","author":"Garc\u00eda-Ayll\u00f3n","year":"2021","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"key20260202122648_b53-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2024.06.007","article-title":"Human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-specific antisense oligonucleotides reduce infection with SARS-CoV-2 variants","volume":"154","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"eabn7737","key":"key20260202122648_b54-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abn7737","article-title":"An engineered ACE2 decoy neutralizes the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and confers protection against infection in vivo","volume":"14","author":"Ikemura","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"key20260202122648_b55-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1038\/s41589-021-00965-6","article-title":"Engineered ACE2 decoy mitigates lung injury and death induced by SARS-CoV-2 variants","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Chem Biol"},{"key":"key20260202122648_b56-MI-6-1-00293","author":"Zhang"},{"issue":"e2302803","key":"key20260202122648_b57-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202302803","article-title":"Conversion of host cell receptor into virus destructor by immunodisc to neutralize diverse SARS-CoV-2 variants","volume":"13","author":"Hwang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv Healthc Mater"},{"key":"key20260202122648_b58-MI-6-1-00293","author":"Dong"},{"issue":"e0108824","key":"key20260202122648_b59-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01088-24","article-title":"The histamine receptor H1 acts as an alternative receptor for SARS-CoV-2","volume":"15","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"key20260202122648_b60-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2024.05.026","article-title":"Identification of novel small-molecule inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 by chemical genetics","volume":"14","author":"Chan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Pharm Sin B"},{"issue":"827","key":"key20260202122648_b61-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-022-03789-9","article-title":"The spike of SARS-CoV-2 promotes metabolic rewiring in hepatocytes","volume":"5","author":"Mercado-G\u00f3mez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"issue":"mjae004","key":"key20260202122648_b62-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmcb\/mjae004","article-title":"Identification of druggable host dependency factors shared by multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern","volume":"16","author":"Frasson","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"e01071","key":"key20260202122648_b63-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/prp2.1071","article-title":"The influence of SARS-CoV-2 infection on expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters in a hACE2 murine model","volume":"11","author":"Deshpande","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res Perspect"},{"issue":"eade0326","key":"key20260202122648_b64-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.ade0326","article-title":"Inhibition of the lysine demethylase LSD1 modulates the balance between inflammatory and antiviral responses against coronaviruses","volume":"16","author":"Mazzarella","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Signal"},{"key":"key20260202122648_b65-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2773","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.121.316925","article-title":"Interleukin-1RA mitigates SARS-CoV-2-induced inflammatory lung vascular leakage and mortality in humanized K18-hACE-2 mice","volume":"41","author":"Xiong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"115882","key":"key20260202122648_b66-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115882","article-title":"AG5 is a potent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and immune regulator that preserves innate immunity","volume":"169","author":"Botella-Asunci\u00f3n","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"issue":"e0289139","key":"key20260202122648_b67-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0289139","article-title":"N-dihydrogalactochitosan reduces mortality in a lethal mouse model of SARS-CoV-2","volume":"18","author":"Weiss","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1011185","key":"key20260202122648_b68-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1011185","article-title":"Galectin-9 protects humanized-ACE2 immunocompetent mice from SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"13","author":"Yeung","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"e0304135","key":"key20260202122648_b69-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0304135","article-title":"Timing matters in the use of renin-angiotensin system modulators and COVID-related cognitive and cerebrovascular dysfunction","volume":"19","author":"Meier","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1414406","key":"key20260202122648_b70-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1414406","article-title":"Lisinopril increases lung ACE2 levels and SARS-CoV-2 viral load and decreases inflammation but not disease severity in experimental COVID-19","volume":"15","author":"Silva-Santos","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"7663","key":"key20260202122648_b71-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26167663","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and\/or angiotensin receptor blockade modulate cytokine profiles and improve clinical outcomes in experimental COVID-19 infection","volume":"26","author":"da Silva-Santos","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"key20260202122648_b72-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3086","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.07.027","article-title":"Tackling COVID-19 with neutralizing monoclonal antibodies","volume":"184","author":"Corti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"key20260202122648_b73-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2023.09.002","article-title":"Development of AAV-delivered broadly neutralizing anti-human ACE2 antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants","volume":"31","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"issue":"1051","key":"key20260202122648_b74-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45171-9","article-title":"A monoclonal antibody targeting a large surface of the receptor binding motif shows pan-neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 activity","volume":"15","author":"de Campos-Mata","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"key20260202122648_b75-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.08.025","article-title":"A SARS-CoV-2 antibody broadly neutralizes SARS-related coronaviruses and variants by coordinated recognition of a virus-vulnerable site","volume":"54","author":"Onodera","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"761250","key":"key20260202122648_b76-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.761250","article-title":"XAV-19, a swine glyco-humanized polyclonal antibody against SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain, targets multiple epitopes and broadly neutralizes variants","volume":"12","author":"Vanhove","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"e3001209","key":"key20260202122648_b77-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3001209","article-title":"Structural basis for SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies with novel binding epitopes","volume":"19","author":"Fu","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"key20260202122648_b78-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd0827","article-title":"Studies in humanized mice and convalescent humans yield a SARS-CoV-2 antibody cocktail","volume":"369","author":"Hansen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"key20260202122648_b79-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2022.2032374","article-title":"Etesevimab in combination with JS026 neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 and its variants","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"issue":"592","key":"key20260202122648_b80-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-023-04955-3","article-title":"A spike-targeting bispecific T cell engager strategy provides dual layer protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in vivo","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"issue":"863831","key":"key20260202122648_b81-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.863831","article-title":"Nanobodies protecting from lethal SARS-CoV-2 infection target receptor binding epitopes preserved in virus variants other than omicron","volume":"13","author":"Casasnovas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"e2200932","key":"key20260202122648_b82-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.202200932","article-title":"An engineered IgG-VHH bispecific antibody against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants","volume":"6","author":"Chi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Small Methods"},{"issue":"4163","key":"key20260202122648_b83-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-07952-4","article-title":"First-in-class trispecific VHH-Fc based antibody with potent prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 and variants","volume":"12","author":"Titong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"378","key":"key20260202122648_b84-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00810-1","article-title":"A non-ACE2 competing human single-domain antibody confers broad neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 and circulating variants","volume":"6","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"issue":"eadd5446","key":"key20260202122648_b85-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.add5446","article-title":"An antibody from single human VH-rearranging mouse neutralizes all SARS-CoV-2 variants through BA.5 by inhibiting membrane fusion","volume":"7","author":"Luo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"issue":"347","key":"key20260202122648_b86-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00760-8","article-title":"CD147 antibody specifically and effectively inhibits infection and cytokine storm of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants delta, alpha, beta, and gamma","volume":"6","author":"Geng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"issue":"2962","key":"key20260202122648_b87-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38751-8","article-title":"An mRNA-based T-cell-inducing antigen strengthens COVID-19 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 variants","volume":"14","author":"Tai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"key20260202122648_b88-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2023.04.020","article-title":"Intranasal administration of adenoviral vaccines expressing SARS-CoV-2 spike protein improves vaccine immunity in mouse models","volume":"41","author":"Freitag","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"902","key":"key20260202122648_b89-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-022-03875-y","article-title":"Spike-based adenovirus vectored COVID-19 vaccine does not aggravate heart damage after ischemic injury in mice","volume":"5","author":"Gu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"key20260202122648_b90-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02260","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02260-20","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccine candidates based on modified vaccinia virus Ankara expressing the SARS-CoV-2 spike induce robust T- and B-cell immune responses and full efficacy in mice","volume":"95","author":"Garc\u00eda-Arriaza","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"key20260202122648_b91-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2023.03.027","article-title":"Preclinical evaluation of immunogenicity, efficacy and safety of a recombinant plant-based SARS-CoV-2 RBD vaccine formulated with 3M-052-Alum adjuvant","volume":"41","author":"Phoolcharoen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"5215","key":"key20260202122648_b92-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25382-0","article-title":"Targeting SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain to cells expressing CD40 improves protection to infection in convalescent macaques","volume":"12","author":"Marlin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"e29408","key":"key20260202122648_b93-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29408","article-title":"Th2 and Th17-associated immunopathology following SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection in Spike-vaccinated ACE2-humanized mice","volume":"96","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"416","key":"key20260202122648_b94-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines13040416","article-title":"Humanized major histocompatibility complex transgenic mouse model can play a potent role in SARS-CoV-2 human leukocyte antigen-restricted T cell epitope screening","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"key":"key20260202122648_b95-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.05.046","article-title":"Profiling SARS-CoV-2 HLA-I peptidome reveals T cell epitopes from out-of-frame ORFs","volume":"184","author":"Weingarten-Gabbay","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1503954","key":"key20260202122648_b96-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1503954","article-title":"Dynamics of spike-specific neutralizing antibodies across five-year emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern reveal conserved epitopes that protect against severe COVID-19","volume":"16","author":"Zayou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"key20260202122648_b97-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06651-y","article-title":"Distinguishing features of long COVID identified through immune profiling","volume":"623","author":"Klein","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"e2217199120","key":"key20260202122648_b98-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2217199120","article-title":"Innate immune cell activation causes lung fibrosis in a humanized model of long COVID","volume":"120","author":"Cui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"key20260202122648_b99-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-024-01301-5","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 spike protein exacerbates thromboembolic cerebrovascular complications in humanized ACE2 mouse model","volume":"16","author":"Heath","year":"2025","journal-title":"Transl Stroke Res"},{"issue":"16394","key":"key20260202122648_b100-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242216394","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 spike protein intensifies cerebrovascular complications in diabetic hACE2 Mice through RAAS and TLR signaling activation","volume":"24","author":"Burnett","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"key20260202122648_b101-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1945","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.25537","article-title":"Acute bone loss following SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice","volume":"41","author":"Haudenschild","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"issue":"e0088923","key":"key20260202122648_b102-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00889-23","article-title":"Mild SARS-CoV-2 infection results in long-lasting microbiota instability","volume":"14","author":"Upadhyay","year":"2023","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"1984105","key":"key20260202122648_b103-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2021.1984105","article-title":"Colonic expression of Ace2, the SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor, is suppressed by commensal human microbiota","volume":"13","author":"Edwinson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"109191","key":"key20260202122648_b104-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.109191","article-title":"Simple virus-free mouse models of COVID-19 pathologies and oral therapeutic intervention","volume":"27","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"key20260202122648_b105-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2020.1763637","article-title":"Mice with humanized-lungs and immune system-an idealized model for COVID-19 and other respiratory illness","volume":"11","author":"Pujhari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"issue":"e105912","key":"key20260202122648_b106-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2020105912","article-title":"An organoid-derived bronchioalveolar model for SARS-CoV-2 infection of human alveolar type II-like cells","volume":"40","author":"Lamers","year":"2021","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"key20260202122648_b107-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3020","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.28754","article-title":"Using ex vivo bioengineered lungs to model pathologies and screening therapeutics: A proof-of-concept study","volume":"121","author":"Ahmadipour","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biotechnol Bioeng"},{"key":"key20260202122648_b108-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.120.261768","article-title":"Cyclic 68Ga-labeled peptides for specific detection of human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2","volume":"62","author":"Parker","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"key20260202122648_b109-MI-6-1-00293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4878","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27958","article-title":"Molecular imaging on ACE2-dependent transocular infection of coronavirus","volume":"94","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Med Virol"}],"container-title":["Medicine International"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T10:26:55Z","timestamp":1770028015000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.spandidos-publications.com\/10.3892\/mi.2025.293"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]]},"references-count":109,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/mi.2025.293","relation":{},"ISSN":["2754-3242","2754-1304"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2754-3242","type":"print"},{"value":"2754-1304","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]]}}}