{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T21:09:50Z","timestamp":1783544990814,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Spandidos Publications","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2017.6787","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,15]],"date-time":"2017-06-15T07:38:08Z","timestamp":1497512288000},"page":"2233-2240","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["N-acetylcysteine ameliorates repetitive\/stereotypic behavior due to its antioxidant properties without activation of the canonical Wnt pathway in a valproic acid-induced rat model of autism"],"prefix":"10.3892","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yinghua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weigang","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianqian","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianran","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojun","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2249","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"key20180108004811_b1-mmr-16-02-2233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69041-7","article-title":"Prevalence of disorders of the autism spectrum in a population cohort of children in South Thames: The special needs and autism project (SNAP)","volume":"368","author":"Baird","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key20180108004811_b2-mmr-16-02-2233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI37934","article-title":"The genetic and neurobiologic compass points toward common signaling dysfunctions in autism spectrum disorders","volume":"119","author":"Levitt","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"key20180108004811_b3-mmr-16-02-2233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss6503a1","article-title":"Prevalence and characteristics of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 years-autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, 11 sites, United States, 2012","volume":"65","author":"Christensen","year":"2016","journal-title":"MMWR Surveill Summ"},{"key":"key20180108004811_b4-mmr-16-02-2233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e66418","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0066418","article-title":"Oxidative stress and erythrocyte membrane alterations in children with autism: Correlation with clinical features","volume":"8","author":"Ghezzo","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key20180108004811_b5-mmr-16-02-2233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4000","DOI":"10.2174\/092986712802002572","article-title":"Glutathione-related factors and oxidative stress in autism, a review","volume":"19","author":"Ghanizadeh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"key":"key20180108004811_b6-mmr-16-02-2233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.100057","article-title":"N-acetylcysteine in psychiatry: Current therapeutic evidence and potential mechanisms of action","volume":"36","author":"Dean","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Psychiatry Neurosci"},{"key":"key20180108004811_b7-mmr-16-02-2233","first-page":"985","article-title":"N-acetylcysteine for treatment of autism, a case report","volume":"17","author":"Ghanizadeh","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Res Med Sci"},{"key":"key20180108004811_b8-mmr-16-02-2233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.20261","article-title":"N-acetylcysteine prevents endotoxin-induced degeneration of oligodendrocyte progenitors and hypomyelination in developing rat brain","volume":"78","author":"Paintlia","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"key20180108004811_b9-mmr-16-02-2233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21066","article-title":"N-acetylcysteine reduces lipopolysaccharide-sensitized hypoxic-ischemic brain injury","volume":"61","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"key20180108004811_b10-mmr-16-02-2233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2003.01580.x","article-title":"The antioxidants alpha-lipoic acid and N-acetylcysteine reverse memory impairment and brain oxidative stress in aged SAMP8 mice","volume":"84","author":"Farr","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"key20180108004811_b11-mmr-16-02-2233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1097\/WNF.0b013e31829ae713","article-title":"N-acetylcysteine boosts brain and blood glutathione in gaucher and parkinson diseases","volume":"36","author":"Holmay","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"key20180108004811_b12-mmr-16-02-2233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.01.014","article-title":"A randomized controlled pilot trial of oral N-acetylcysteine in children with autism","volume":"71","author":"Hardan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"key20180108004811_b13-mmr-16-02-2233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2013.0137","article-title":"N-acetylcysteine as treatment for self-injurious behavior in a child with autism","volume":"24","author":"Marler","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"key20180108004811_b14-mmr-16-02-2233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-13-196","article-title":"A randomized double blind placebo controlled clinical trial of N-Acetylcysteine added to risperidone for treating autistic disorders","volume":"13","author":"Ghanizadeh","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"key20180108004811_b15-mmr-16-02-2233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/WNF.0000000000000063","article-title":"N-acetylcysteine as an adjunctive therapy to risperidone for treatment of irritability in autism: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of efficacy and safety","volume":"38","author":"Nikoo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"key20180108004811_b16-mmr-16-02-2233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2014.00219","article-title":"Activation of mGluR2\/3 underlies the effects of N-acetylcystein on amygdala-associated autism-like phenotypes in a valproate-induced rat model of autism","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"key20180108004811_b17-mmr-16-02-2233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7482","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1210055","article-title":"Beta-catenin destruction complex: Insights and questions from a structural perspective","volume":"25","author":"Kimelman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"key20180108004811_b18-mmr-16-02-2233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1385806","article-title":"The APC tumor suppressor counteracts beta-catenin activation and H3K4 methylation at Wnt target genes","volume":"20","author":"Sierra","year":"2006","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"key20180108004811_b19-mmr-16-02-2233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2008.08.001","article-title":"Wnt signaling in neuroprotection and stem cell differentiation","volume":"86","author":"Toledo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"key20180108004811_b20-mmr-16-02-2233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2015.06.016","article-title":"Oxidative stress-induced C\/EBP\u03b2 inhibits \u03b2-catenin signaling molecule involving in the pathology of preeclampsia","volume":"36","author":"Zhuang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"key20180108004811_b21-mmr-16-02-2233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12244","article-title":"Nitric oxide donors rescue diabetic nephropathy through oxidative-stress-and nitrosative-stress-mediated Wnt signaling pathways","volume":"6","author":"Hsu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Diabetes Investig"},{"key":"key20180108004811_b22-mmr-16-02-2233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2013.12.016","article-title":"Inversed relationship between CD44 variant and c-Myc due to oxidative stress-induced canonical Wnt activation","volume":"443","author":"Yoshida","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"key20180108004811_b23-mmr-16-02-2233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.178855.114","article-title":"The discovery of integrated gene networks for autism and related disorders","volume":"25","author":"Hormozdiari","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"key20180108004811_b24-mmr-16-02-2233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.2174\/1871527312666131223114149","article-title":"The canonical Wnt signaling pathway in autism","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets"},{"key":"key20180108004811_b25-mmr-16-02-2233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145709990903","article-title":"Association between autism and variants in the wingless-type MMTV integration site family member 2 (WNT2) gene","volume":"13","author":"Marui","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"key20180108004811_b26-mmr-16-02-2233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300767","article-title":"Environmental enrichment reverses behavioral alterations in rats prenatally exposed to valproic acid: Issues for a therapeutic approach in autism","volume":"31","author":"Schneider","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"key20180108004811_b27-mmr-16-02-2233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.11.048","article-title":"Animal model of autism induced by prenatal exposure to valproate: Altered glutamate metabolism in the hippocampus","volume":"1495","author":"Silvestrin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"key20180108004811_b28-mmr-16-02-2233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-012-0724-2","article-title":"Downregulating the canonical Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling pathway attenuates the susceptibility to autism-like phenotypes by decreasing oxidative stress","volume":"37","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"key20180108004811_b29-mmr-16-02-2233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2015.04.015","article-title":"Clinical trials of N-acetylcysteine in psychiatry and neurology: A systematic review","volume":"55","author":"Slattery","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"key20180108004811_b30-mmr-16-02-2233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s13229-016-0088-6","article-title":"A randomized placebo-controlled pilot study of N-acetylcysteine in youth with autism spectrum disorder","volume":"7","author":"Wink","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Autism"},{"key":"key20180108004811_b31-mmr-16-02-2233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1094291","article-title":"Convergence of Wnt, beta-catenin, and cadherin pathways","volume":"303","author":"Nelson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"key20180108004811_b32-mmr-16-02-2233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e377","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2014.15","article-title":"Oxidative stress induces mitochondrial dysfunction in a subset of autistic lymphoblastoid cell lines","volume":"4","author":"Rose","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"key20180108004811_b33-mmr-16-02-2233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798957","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/798957","article-title":"Ubiquinol improves symptoms in children with autism","volume":"2014","author":"Gvozdj\u00e1kov\u00e1","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"key20180108004811_b34-mmr-16-02-2233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0000000000000134","article-title":"Glutathione redox imbalance in brain disorders","volume":"18","author":"Gu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"key":"key20180108004811_b35-mmr-16-02-2233","first-page":"164938","article-title":"Potential role of selenoenzymes and antioxidant metabolism in relation to autism etiology and pathology","volume":"2014","author":"Raymond","year":"2014","journal-title":"Autism Res Treat"},{"key":"key20180108004811_b36-mmr-16-02-2233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2374","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.08-128926","article-title":"Cellular and mitochondrial glutathione redox imbalance in lymphoblastoid cells derived from children with autism","volume":"23","author":"James","year":"2009","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"key20180108004811_b37-mmr-16-02-2233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.2012.4.6885","article-title":"Oral and intravenous acetylcysteine for treatment of acetaminophen toxicity: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Green","year":"2013","journal-title":"West J Emerg Med"},{"key":"key20180108004811_b38-mmr-16-02-2233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1097\/HCO.0b013e3283653f41","article-title":"Therapeutic strategies to prevent contrast-induced acute kidney injury","volume":"28","author":"Quintavalle","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Cardiol"},{"key":"key20180108004811_b39-mmr-16-02-2233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2261-14-52","article-title":"Efficacy of N-acetylcysteine in preventing atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: A meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"key":"key20180108004811_b40-mmr-16-02-2233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.208","article-title":"N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in neurological disorders: Mechanisms of action and therapeutic opportunities","volume":"4","author":"Shahripour","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"key":"key20180108004811_b41-mmr-16-02-2233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2013.01.001","article-title":"The promise of N-acetylcysteine in neuropsychiatry","volume":"34","author":"Berk","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"key20180108004811_b42-mmr-16-02-2233","first-page":"670","article-title":"Chondrocyte antioxidant defences: The roles of catalase and glutathione peroxidase in protection against H2O2 dependent inhibition of proteoglycan biosynthesis","volume":"15","author":"Baker","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"key20180108004811_b43-mmr-16-02-2233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-010-1943-1","article-title":"The role of lipid peroxidation products and oxidative stress in activation of the canonical wingless-type MMTV integration site (WNT) pathway in a rat model of diabetic retinopathy","volume":"54","author":"Zhou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"key20180108004811_b44-mmr-16-02-2233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2007.0168","article-title":"Improved establishment of autologous stem cells derived from preantral follicle culture and oocyte parthenogenesis","volume":"17","author":"Gong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev"},{"key":"key20180108004811_b45-mmr-16-02-2233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2014.1996","article-title":"Sulindac attenuates valproic acid-induced oxidative stress levels in primary cultured cortical neurons and ameliorates repetitive\/stereotypic-like movement disorders in Wistar rats prenatally exposed to valproic acid","volume":"35","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"key":"key20180108004811_b46-mmr-16-02-2233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.21232","article-title":"Demethylation of specific Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin pathway genes and its upregulation in rat brain induced by prenatal valproate exposure","volume":"293","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anat Rec (Hoboken)"},{"key":"key20180108004811_b47-mmr-16-02-2233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.111.094482","article-title":"A decrease in DKK1, a WNT inhibitor, contributes to placental lipid accumulation in an obesity-prone rat model","volume":"86","author":"Strakovsky","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"key20180108004811_b48-mmr-16-02-2233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.7","article-title":"A role for ethanol-induced oxidative stress in controlling lineage commitment of mesenchymal stromal cells through inhibition of Wnt\/beta-catenin signaling","volume":"25","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"key20180108004811_b49-mmr-16-02-2233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4773(99)00136-7","article-title":"Direct regulation of the Xenopus engrailed-2 promoter by the Wnt signaling pathway, and a molecular screen for Wnt-responsive genes, confirm a role for Wnt signaling during neural patterning in Xenopus","volume":"87","author":"McGrew","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mech Dev"},{"key":"key20180108004811_b50-mmr-16-02-2233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(94)00099-6","article-title":"Effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs on oxidative pathways in A\/J mice","volume":"18","author":"Bilodeau","year":"1995","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"key20180108004811_b51-mmr-16-02-2233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.01.006","article-title":"Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, tolmetin and sulindac attenuate quinolinic acid (QA)-induced oxidative stress in primary hippocampal neurons and reduce QA-induced spatial reference memory deficits in male Wistar rats","volume":"80","author":"Dairam","year":"2007","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"key20180108004811_b52-mmr-16-02-2233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16754","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1419576111","article-title":"Pharmacological protection of retinal pigmented epithelial cells by sulindac involves PPAR-\u03b1","volume":"111","author":"Sur","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"}],"container-title":["Molecular Medicine Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,8]],"date-time":"2018-01-08T01:34:28Z","timestamp":1515375268000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.spandidos-publications.com\/10.3892\/mmr.2017.6787"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3892\/mmr.2017.6787"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/mmr.2017.6787","relation":{},"ISSN":["1791-2997","1791-3004"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1791-2997","type":"print"},{"value":"1791-3004","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]}}}