{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T07:37:17Z","timestamp":1792222637744,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Spandidos Publications","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2017.7295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,21]],"date-time":"2017-08-21T06:50:45Z","timestamp":1503298245000},"page":"5225-5234","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Betaine attenuates chronic alcohol-induced fatty liver by broadly regulating hepatic lipid metabolism"],"prefix":"10.3892","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Wenjuan","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luming","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinhang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shilei","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Tai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengwei","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2249","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"key20180108002952_b1-mmr-16-04-5225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S11","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12036","article-title":"Epidemiology of alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in China","volume":"28","author":"Fan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"key20180108002952_b2-mmr-16-04-5225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.03.007","article-title":"Global burden of alcoholic liver diseases","volume":"59","author":"Rehm","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"key20180108002952_b3-mmr-16-04-5225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23258","article-title":"Practice Guideline Committee of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases; Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of Gastroenterology: Alcoholic liver disease","volume":"51","author":"O'Shea","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"key20180108002952_b4-mmr-16-04-5225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.124","article-title":"Adiponectin and alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"60","author":"Rogers","year":"2008","journal-title":"IUBMB Life"},{"key":"key20180108002952_b5-mmr-16-04-5225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G382","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.2001.281.2.G382","article-title":"Fatty liver vulnerability to endotoxin-induced damage despite NF-kappaB induction and inhibited caspase 3 activation","volume":"281","author":"Yang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"key20180108002952_b6-mmr-16-04-5225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.04.004","article-title":"European Association for the Study of Liver: EASL clinical practical guidelines: Management of alcoholic liver disease","volume":"57","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"key20180108002952_b7-mmr-16-04-5225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1997.tb04259.x","article-title":"The effect of betaine in reversing alcoholic steatosis","volume":"21","author":"Barak","year":"1997","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"key20180108002952_b8-mmr-16-04-5225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1078\/0940-2993-00347","article-title":"The effect of betaine treatment on triglyceride levels and oxidative stress in the liver of ethanol-treated guinea pigs","volume":"55","author":"Balkan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp Toxicol Pathol"},{"key":"key20180108002952_b9-mmr-16-04-5225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2013.08.049","article-title":"Alleviation of alcoholic liver injury by betaine involves an enhancement of antioxidant defense via regulation of sulfur amino acid metabolism","volume":"62","author":"Jung","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"key20180108002952_b10-mmr-16-04-5225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2007.05.005","article-title":"Dissociation of hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in mice overexpressing DGAT in the liver","volume":"6","author":"Monetti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"key20180108002952_b11-mmr-16-04-5225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3158","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M007948","article-title":"Involvement and mechanism of DGAT2 upregulation in the pathogenesis of alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"51","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"key20180108002952_b12-mmr-16-04-5225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20121689","article-title":"Hepatic triacylglycerol synthesis and secretion: DGAT2 as the link between glycaemia and triglyceridaemia","volume":"451","author":"Zammit","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"key20180108002952_b13-mmr-16-04-5225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22980","article-title":"Specific role for acyl CoA: Diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (Dgat1) in hepatic steatosis due to exogenous fatty acids","volume":"50","author":"Villanueva","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"key20180108002952_b14-mmr-16-04-5225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1021\/jm7013887","article-title":"Validation of diacyl glycerolacyltransferase I as a novel target for the treatment of obesity and dyslipidemia using a potent and selective small molecule inhibitor","volume":"51","author":"Zhao","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"key20180108002952_b15-mmr-16-04-5225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29342","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M202411200","article-title":"Ethanol induces fatty acid synthesis pathways by activation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)","volume":"277","author":"You","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"key20180108002952_b16-mmr-16-04-5225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.20.5.1868-1876.2000","article-title":"The coactivator PGC-1 cooperates with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha in transcriptional control of nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation enzymes","volume":"20","author":"Vega","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"key20180108002952_b17-mmr-16-04-5225","first-page":"161","article-title":"Suppression of PGC-1alpha by ethanol: Implications of its role in alcohol induced liver injury","volume":"1","author":"Chaung","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"key20180108002952_b18-mmr-16-04-5225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2008.03.005","article-title":"Effect of chronic alcohol consumption on Hepatic SIRT1 and PGC-1alpha in rats","volume":"370","author":"Lieber","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"key20180108002952_b19-mmr-16-04-5225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22074","article-title":"Inhibition of adiponectin production by homocysteine: A potential mechanism for alcoholic liver disease","volume":"47","author":"Song","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"key20180108002952_b20-mmr-16-04-5225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2009.01111.x","article-title":"Chronic alcohol consumption disrupted cholesterol homeostasis in rats: Down-regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor and enhancement of cholesterol biosynthesis pathway in the liver","volume":"34","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"key20180108002952_b21-mmr-16-04-5225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2014.03.005","article-title":"Adverse signaling of scavenger receptor class B1 and PGC1 s in alcoholic hepatosteatosis and steatohepatitis and protection by betaine in rat","volume":"184","author":"Varatharajalu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"key20180108002952_b22-mmr-16-04-5225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2011.621","article-title":"IFCC primary reference procedures for the measurement of catalytic activity concentrations of enzymes at 37\u00b0C. Part 9: Reference procedure for the measurement of catalytic concentration of alkaline phosphatase International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) Scientific Division, Committee on Reference Systems of Enzymes (C-RSE) (1))","volume":"49","author":"Schumann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"key20180108002952_b23-mmr-16-04-5225","first-page":"725","article-title":"IFCC primary reference procedures for the measurement of catalytic activity concentrations of enzymes at 37 degrees C. International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. Part 5. Reference procedure for the measurement of catalytic concentration of aspartate aminotransferase","volume":"40","author":"Schumann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"key20180108002952_b24-mmr-16-04-5225","first-page":"718","article-title":"IFCC primary reference procedures for the measurement of catalytic activity concentrations of enzymes at 37 degrees C. International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. Part 4. Reference procedure for the measurement of catalytic concentration of alanine aminotransferase","volume":"40","author":"Schumann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"key20180108002952_b25-mmr-16-04-5225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)64849-5","article-title":"A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues","volume":"226","author":"Folch","year":"1957","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"key20180108002952_b26-mmr-16-04-5225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(\u2212Delta Delta C(T)) method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"key20180108002952_b27-mmr-16-04-5225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2012.08.004","article-title":"Rodent models of alcoholic liver disease: Of mice and men","volume":"46","author":"Brandon-Warner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"key20180108002952_b28-mmr-16-04-5225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8278(95)80067-0","article-title":"Ethanol-related liver injury in the rat: A model of steatosis, inflammation and pericentral fibrosis","volume":"23","author":"Keegan","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"key20180108002952_b29-mmr-16-04-5225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-6-35","article-title":"Effect of resveratrol on alcohol-induced mortality and liver lesions in mice","volume":"6","author":"Bujanda","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"key20180108002952_b30-mmr-16-04-5225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2011.01660.x","article-title":"Chronic ethanol feeding accelerates hepatocellular carcinoma progression in a sex-dependent manner in a mouse model of hepatocarcinogenesis","volume":"36","author":"Brandon-Warner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"key20180108002952_b31-mmr-16-04-5225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2010.01234.x","article-title":"Laboratory models available to study alcohol-induced organ damage and immune variations: Choosing the appropriate model","volume":"34","author":"El-Guindy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"key20180108002952_b32-mmr-16-04-5225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(03)00276-2","article-title":"Betaine decreases hyperhomocysteinemia, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and liver injury in alcohol-fed mice","volume":"124","author":"Ji","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"key20180108002952_b33-mmr-16-04-5225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4073","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12765","article-title":"Rectification of impaired adipose tissue methylation status and lipolytic response contributes to hepatoprotective effect of betaine in a mouse model of alcoholic liver disease","volume":"171","author":"Dou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"key20180108002952_b34-mmr-16-04-5225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1097\/00041433-200006000-00002","article-title":"Triglyceride synthesis: Insights from the cloning of diacylglycerol acyltransferase","volume":"11","author":"Farese","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr Opin Lipidol"},{"key":"key20180108002952_b35-mmr-16-04-5225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2005-0005","article-title":"Adiponectin and adiponectin receptors","volume":"26","author":"Kadowaki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"key20180108002952_b36-mmr-16-04-5225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0215593","article-title":"SREBPs: Activators of the complete program of cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis in the liver","volume":"109","author":"Horton","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"}],"container-title":["Molecular Medicine Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T14:26:52Z","timestamp":1659364012000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.spandidos-publications.com\/10.3892\/mmr.2017.7295"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,21]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3892\/mmr.2017.7295"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/mmr.2017.7295","relation":{},"ISSN":["1791-2997","1791-3004"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1791-2997","type":"print"},{"value":"1791-3004","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,21]]}}}