{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T13:49:40Z","timestamp":1762868980750},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Spandidos Publications","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Oncol Lett"],"DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2023.13670","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T13:22:37Z","timestamp":1673875357000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Emerging therapies in thymic epithelial tumors (Review)"],"prefix":"10.3892","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Athina","family":"Dapergola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Unit, Third Department of Medicine, \u2018Sotiria\u2019 General Hospital for Diseases of The Chest, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georgia","family":"Gomatou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Unit, Third Department of Medicine, \u2018Sotiria\u2019 General Hospital for Diseases of The Chest, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Trontzas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Unit, Third Department of Medicine, \u2018Sotiria\u2019 General Hospital for Diseases of The Chest, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emmanouil","family":"Panagiotou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Unit, Third Department of Medicine, \u2018Sotiria\u2019 General Hospital for Diseases of The Chest, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evangelos","family":"Dimakakos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Unit, Third Department of Medicine, \u2018Sotiria\u2019 General Hospital for Diseases of The Chest, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Syrigos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Unit, Third Department of Medicine, \u2018Sotiria\u2019 General Hospital for Diseases of The Chest, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elias","family":"Kotteas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Unit, Third Department of Medicine, \u2018Sotiria\u2019 General Hospital for Diseases of The Chest, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2249","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"key20230130091251_b1-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2021.10.010","article-title":"The 2021 WHO classification of tumors of the thymus and mediastinum: What is new in thymic epithelial, germ cell, and mesenchymal tumors?","volume":"17","author":"Marx","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b2-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S65","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0000000000000290","article-title":"The IASLC\/ITMIG thymic epithelial tumors staging project: Proposal for an evidence-based stage classification system for the forthcoming (8th) edition of the TNM classification of malignant tumors","volume":"9","author":"Detterbeck","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b3-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1710","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e31821e8cff","article-title":"The Masaoka-Koga stage classification for thymic malignancies: Clarification and definition of terms","volume":"6","author":"Detterbeck","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b4-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"v40","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdv277","article-title":"Thymic epithelial tumours: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up","volume":"26","author":"Girard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b5-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2021.0013","article-title":"NCCN guidelines insights: Non-small cell lung cancer, version 2.2021","volume":"19","author":"Ettinger","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b6-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2020.102014","article-title":"Thymic epithelial tumors: From biology to treatment","volume":"86","author":"Conforti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b7-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7864","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23147864","article-title":"Unraveling the immune microenvironment of thymic epithelial tumors: Implications for autoimmunity and treatment","volume":"23","author":"Masaoutis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b8-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxy081","article-title":"Thymus machinery for T-cell selection","volume":"31","author":"Kondo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b9-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2017.07.010","article-title":"The mechanisms of T cell selection in the thymus","volume":"38","author":"Takaba","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b10-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.9","article-title":"AIRE expands: New roles in immune tolerance and beyond","volume":"16","author":"Anderson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b11-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2017.07.007","article-title":"Dendritic cells as inducers of peripheral tolerance","volume":"38","author":"Iberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b12-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1900662","article-title":"Regulatory T cell development in the thymus","volume":"203","author":"Owen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b13-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S137","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0000000000000299","article-title":"Alterations of the immune system in thymic malignancies","volume":"9","author":"Weksler","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b14-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2017.09.334","article-title":"OA 03.01 prevalence of autoimmune diseases in thymic epithelial tumors (TET) insights from RYTHMIC","volume":"12","author":"Boucher","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b15-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2018.01.003","article-title":"The integrated genomic landscape of thymic epithelial tumors","volume":"33","author":"Radovich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b16-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9056","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21239056","article-title":"Immunobiology of thymic epithelial tumors: Implications for immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors","volume":"21","author":"Tateo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b17-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2016.09.023","article-title":"PD-L1, PD-1, CD4, and CD8 expression in neoplastic and nonneoplastic thymus","volume":"60","author":"Marchevsky","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b18-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2017.6","article-title":"Expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in thymic epithelial neoplasms","volume":"30","author":"Weissferdt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b19-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2018.04.013","article-title":"Expression patterns, prognostic value, and intratumoral heterogeneity of PD-L1 and PD-1 in thymoma and thymic carcinoma","volume":"13","author":"Owen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b20-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.044","article-title":"Clinicopathologic and prognostic implications of programmed death ligand 1 expression in thymoma","volume":"101","author":"Yokoyama","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b21-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0000000000000429","article-title":"Diffuse high intensity PD-L1 staining in thymic epithelial tumors","volume":"10","author":"Padda","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b22-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4727","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-16-0434","article-title":"Prognostic value of programmed death ligand 1 and programmed death 1 expression in thymic carcinoma","volume":"22","author":"Yokoyama","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b23-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0182665","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0182665","article-title":"Expression of PD-L1 and other immunotherapeutic targets in thymic epithelial tumors","volume":"12","author":"Arbour","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b24-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30062-7","article-title":"Pembrolizumab in patients with thymic carcinoma: A single-arm, single-centre, phase 2 study","volume":"19","author":"Giaccone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b25-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2020.11.003","article-title":"Durable response in patients with thymic carcinoma treated with pembrolizumab after prolonged follow-up","volume":"16","author":"Giaccone","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b26-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.77.3184","article-title":"Pembrolizumab for patients with refractory or relapsed thymic epithelial tumor: An open-label phase II trial","volume":"37","author":"Cho","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b27-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-019-0723-9","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerability of anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody (Avelumab) treatment in advanced thymoma","volume":"7","author":"Rajan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b28-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-213777","article-title":"Pre-existing antiacetylcholine receptor autoantibodies and B cell lymphopaenia are associated with the development of myositis in patients with thymoma treated with avelumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor targeting programmed death-ligand 1","volume":"78","author":"Mammen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b29-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.03.012","article-title":"Single-arm, multicentre, phase II trial of nivolumab for unresectable or recurrent thymic carcinoma: PRIMER study","volume":"113","author":"Katsuya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b30-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.1177\/1078155220968150","article-title":"Nivolumab treatment for metastatic thymic epithelial tumors","volume":"27","author":"Ak","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Oncol Pharm Pract"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b31-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2014.05.010","article-title":"Thymic epithelial tumors express vascular endothelial growth factors and their receptors as potential targets of antiangiogenic therapy: A tissue micro array-based multicenter study","volume":"85","author":"Lattanzio","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b32-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2007.05.003","article-title":"Immunohistochemical expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF), and its receptors (VEGFR1, 2) in normal and pathologic conditions of the human thymus","volume":"190","author":"Cimpean","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Anat"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b33-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2613.2011.00777.x","article-title":"Platelet-derived growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-\u03b1 expression in the normal human thymus and thymoma","volume":"92","author":"Cimpean","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Exp Pathol"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b34-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17359","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-53671-8","article-title":"Follistatin impacts tumor angiogenesis and outcome in thymic epithelial tumors","volume":"9","author":"Janik","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b35-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(14)71181-7","article-title":"Sunitinib in patients with chemotherapy-refractory thymoma and thymic carcinoma: An open-label phase 2 trial","volume":"16","author":"Thomas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b36-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2016.11.332","article-title":"OA18.02 evaluation of a modified dosing regimen&#xa0;(2-weeks on\/1-week off) of sunitinib as part of a phase II trial in thymic carcinoma","volume":"12","author":"Rajan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b37-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2018.08.297","article-title":"OA11.05 phase II study of sunitinib in patients with thymic carcinoma previously treated with platinum-based chemotherapy (KOSMIC trial)","volume":"13","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b38-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2016.04.024","article-title":"Sunitinib in patients with advanced thymic malignancies: Cohort from the French RYTHMIC network","volume":"97","author":"Remon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b39-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30162-5","article-title":"Lenvatinib in patients with advanced or metastatic thymic carcinoma (REMORA): A multicentre, phase 2 trial","volume":"21","author":"Sato","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b40-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.13536","article-title":"Preclinical characterization of anlotinib, a highly potent and selective vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 inhibitor","volume":"109","author":"Xie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b41-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2018.02.026","article-title":"Anlotinib inhibits angiogenesis via suppressing the activation of VEGFR2, PDGFR\u03b2 and FGFR1","volume":"654","author":"Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b42-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3383","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.13658","article-title":"Durable efficacy of anlotinib in a patient with advanced thymic squamous cell carcinoma after multiline chemotherapy and apatinib: A case report and literature review","volume":"11","author":"Zuo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thorac Cancer"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b43-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.12755","article-title":"EGFR exon 20 insertion mutation in advanced thymic squamous cell carcinoma: Response to apatinib and clinical outcomes","volume":"9","author":"Yudong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Thorac Cancer"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b44-ol-25-2-13670","first-page":"S353","article-title":"Clinical activity of lucitanib in advanced thymic epithelial tumours","volume":"10","author":"Besse","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b45-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.33990","article-title":"Resound trial: A phase 2 study of regorafenib in patients with thymoma (type B2-B3) and thymic carcinoma previously treated with chemotherapy","volume":"128","author":"Perrino","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b46-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S19087","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.19087","article-title":"A phase II trial of erlotinib plus bevacizumab in patients with recurrent thymoma or thymic carcinoma","volume":"26","author":"Bedano","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b47-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14040316","article-title":"An overview on molecular characterization of thymic tumors: Old and new targets for clinical advances","volume":"14","author":"Tateo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel)"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b48-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6790","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-09-0644","article-title":"Comprehensive genomic analysis reveals clinically relevant molecular distinctions between thymic carcinomas and thymomas","volume":"15","author":"Girard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b49-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181e96e30","article-title":"Expression and mutational status of c-kit in thymic epithelial tumors","volume":"5","author":"Petrini","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b50-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2625","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200406173502523","article-title":"Thymic carcinoma with overexpression of mutated KIT and the response to imatinib","volume":"350","author":"Str\u00f6bel","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b51-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.03.013","article-title":"Mutational status of EGFR and KIT in thymoma and thymic carcinoma","volume":"62","author":"Yoh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b52-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.3892\/mco.2016.752","article-title":"c-kit mutation-positive advanced thymic carcinoma successfully treated as a mediastinal gastrointestinal stromal tumor: A case report","volume":"4","author":"Hirai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b53-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e803","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.36.6427","article-title":"Impressive response with imatinib in a heavily pretreated patient with metastatic c-KIT mutated thymic carcinoma","volume":"29","author":"Buti","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b54-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181a52e25","article-title":"Long lasting response to the multikinase inhibitor bay 43\u20139006 (sorafenib) in a heavily pretreated metastatic thymic carcinoma","volume":"4","author":"Bisagni","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b55-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.2147\/OTT.S58902","article-title":"Antitumor activity of sorafenib and imatinib in a patient with thymic carcinoma harboring c-KIT exon 13 missense mutation K642E","volume":"7","author":"Catania","year":"2014","journal-title":"Onco Targets Ther"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b56-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2010.09.011","article-title":"Promising efficacy of sorafenib in a relapsed thymic carcinoma with C-KIT exon 11 deletion mutation","volume":"71","author":"Di\u015fel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b57-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181b6be57","article-title":"Imatinib mesylate in patients with WHO B3 thymomas and thymic carcinomas","volume":"4","author":"Giaccone","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b58-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-011-1690-0","article-title":"Imatinib mesylate in thymic epithelial malignancies","volume":"69","author":"Palmieri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Chemother Pharmacol"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b59-ol-25-2-13670","first-page":"5105","article-title":"Sorafenib efficacy in thymic carcinomas seems not to require c-KIT or PDGFR-alpha mutations","volume":"34","author":"Pagano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b60-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/s11523-012-0235-8","article-title":"Long lasting efficacy of sorafenib in a heavily pretreated patient with thymic carcinoma","volume":"7","author":"Neuhaus","year":"2012","journal-title":"Target Oncol"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b61-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-008-9100-0","article-title":"Response to sorafenib in cisplatin-resistant thymic carcinoma: A case report","volume":"26","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Oncol"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b62-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2409","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdr626","article-title":"Activating c-KIT mutations in a subset of thymic carcinoma and response to different c-KIT inhibitors","volume":"23","author":"Schirosi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b63-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2016.04.013","article-title":"PI3K as a potential therapeutic target in thymic epithelial tumors","volume":"11","author":"Alberobello","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b64-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4686","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.25367","article-title":"Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor and phosphorylated AKT-serine 473 expression in 132 resected thymomas and thymic carcinomas","volume":"116","author":"Zucali","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b65-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0197655","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0197655","article-title":"Activation of the mTOR\/Akt pathway in thymic epithelial cells derived from thymomas","volume":"14","author":"Maury","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b66-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.74.4078","article-title":"Phase II study of everolimus in patients with thymoma and thymic carcinoma previously treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy","volume":"36","author":"Zucali","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b67-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2020.09.006","article-title":"Everolimus in the treatment of metastatic thymic epithelial tumors","volume":"149","author":"Hellyer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b68-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.27978","article-title":"Genomic clustering analysis identifies molecular subtypes of thymic epithelial tumors independent of World Health Organization histologic type","volume":"12","author":"Padda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b69-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891383","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.891383","article-title":"A phase II study of buparlisib in relapsed or refractory thymomas","volume":"12","author":"Abu Zaid","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b70-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181e392a8","article-title":"Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor expression in thymic malignancies","volume":"5","author":"Girard","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b71-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(13)70596-5","article-title":"Cixutumumab for patients with recurrent or refractory advanced thymic epithelial tumours: A multicentre, open-label, phase 2 trial","volume":"15","author":"Rajan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b72-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1111\/his.13936","article-title":"A mutation analysis of the EGFR pathway genes, RAS, EGFR, PIK3CA, AKT1 and BRAF, and TP53 gene in thymic carcinoma and thymoma type A\/B3","volume":"75","author":"Sakane","year":"2019","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b73-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(07)70141-9","article-title":"Response of thymoma to cetuximab","volume":"8","author":"Farina","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b74-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.2741\/2098","article-title":"Cetuximab is an active treatment of metastatic and chemorefractory thymoma","volume":"12","author":"Palmieri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Front Biosci"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b75-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S7068","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.7068","article-title":"Phase II study of gefitinib treatment in advanced thymic malignancies","volume":"23","author":"Kurup","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b76-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3340","DOI":"10.1002\/jgm.3340","article-title":"Complete remission following icotinib administration in an advanced ectopic thymic carcinoma patient harbouring the EGFR exon 19 deletion","volume":"23","author":"Zu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Gene Med"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b77-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-020-06100-3","article-title":"Mechanisms of resistance to cyclin-dependent kinase 4\/6 inhibitors","volume":"48","author":"Gomatou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b78-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s12094-021-02688-5","article-title":"Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors in solid tumors: A review of clinical trials","volume":"24","author":"Panagiotou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Transl Oncol"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b79-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2017.01.028","article-title":"Loss of p16INK4A expression and homozygous CDKN2A deletion are associated with worse outcome and younger age in thymic carcinomas","volume":"12","author":"Aesif","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b80-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S8519","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2018.36.15_suppl.8519","article-title":"Efficacy of milciclib (PHA-848125AC), a pan-cyclin d-dependent kinase inhibitor, in two phase II studies with thymic carcinoma (TC) and B3 thymoma (B3T) patients","volume":"36","author":"Besse","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b81-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S8576","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2021.39.15_suppl.8576","article-title":"A phase II study of palbociclib for recurrent or refractory advanced thymic epithelial tumor (KCSG LU17-21)","volume":"39","author":"Ahn","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b82-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0168215","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0168215","article-title":"Octreotide LAR and prednisone as neoadjuvant treatment in patients with primary or locally recurrent unresectable thymic tumors: A phase II study","volume":"11","author":"Kirzinger","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b83-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.10374","article-title":"Somatostatin analogs and prednisone in advanced refractory thymic tumors","volume":"94","author":"Palmieri","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b84-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2004.02.047","article-title":"Octreotide alone or with prednisone in patients with advanced thymoma and thymic carcinoma: An eastern cooperative oncology group phase II trial","volume":"22","author":"Loehrer","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b85-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7336","DOI":"10.1038\/srep07336","article-title":"Mutations of epigenetic regulatory genes are common in thymic carcinomas","volume":"4","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b86-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.32.4467","article-title":"Phase II study of belinostat in patients with recurrent or refractory advanced thymic epithelial tumors","volume":"29","author":"Giaccone","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b87-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5392","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-14-0968","article-title":"A phase I\/II trial of belinostat in combination with cisplatin, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide in thymic epithelial tumors: A clinical and translational study","volume":"20","author":"Thomas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b88-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5614","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-17-1323","article-title":"Therapeutic effects of XPO1 inhibition in thymic epithelial tumors","volume":"77","author":"Conforti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"key20230130091251_b89-ol-25-2-13670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4142","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.65.3949","article-title":"First-in-class, first-in-human phase I study of selinexor, a selective inhibitor of nuclear export, in patients with advanced solid tumors","volume":"34","author":"Abdul Razak","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"}],"container-title":["Oncology Letters"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T07:17:27Z","timestamp":1675063047000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.spandidos-publications.com\/10.3892\/ol.2023.13670"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/ol.2023.13670","relation":{},"ISSN":["1792-1074","1792-1082"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1792-1074","type":"print"},{"value":"1792-1082","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]]},"article-number":"84"}}