{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T11:09:56Z","timestamp":1790766596901,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Spandidos Publications","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Oncol Lett"],"DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2023.14049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T08:13:05Z","timestamp":1694592785000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Role of growth differentiation factor 15 in cancer cachexia (Review)"],"prefix":"10.3892","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Tingting","family":"Ling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuwan","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224001, P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lanlan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2249","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"key20231018120909_b1-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2008.06.013","article-title":"Cachexia: A new definition","volume":"27","author":"Evans","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b2-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00624-w","article-title":"The interplay of immunology and cachexia in infection and cancer","volume":"22","author":"Baazim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b3-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70218-7","article-title":"Definition and classification of cancer cachexia: An international consensus","volume":"12","author":"Fearon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b4-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e200","DOI":"10.1038\/oncsis.2016.3","article-title":"Understanding cachexia as a cancer metabolism syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Porporato","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncogenesis"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b5-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13051059","article-title":"Bone marrow homeostasis is impaired via JAK\/STAT and glucocorticoid signaling in cancer cachexia model","volume":"13","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b6-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-018-0123-0","article-title":"Inter-tissue communication in cancer cachexia","volume":"15","author":"Argil\u00e9s","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b7-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17105","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.105","article-title":"Cancer-associated cachexia","volume":"4","author":"Baracos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b8-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1200\/OP.21.00466","article-title":"Financial burden of drugs prescribed for cancer-associated symptoms","volume":"18","author":"Gupta","year":"2022","journal-title":"JCO Oncol Pract"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b9-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890745","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.890745","article-title":"Novel diagnostic and prognostic tools for lung cancer cachexia: Based on nutritional and inflammatory status","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b10-ol-26-5-14049","first-page":"e26798","article-title":"What role do inflammatory cytokines play in cancer cachexia?","volume":"14","author":"Malla","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b11-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2955","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14122955","article-title":"The molecular basis and therapeutic potential of leukemia inhibitory factor in cancer cachexia","volume":"14","author":"Zeng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b12-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4611","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18244-8","article-title":"IL-20 antagonist suppresses PD-L1 expression and prolongs survival in pancreatic cancer models","volume":"11","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b13-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s13619-022-00108-9","article-title":"Pathological features of tissues and cell populations during cancer cachexia","volume":"11","author":"Di Girolamo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Regen"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b14-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11121863","article-title":"IL-8 released from human pancreatic cancer and tumor-associated stromal cells signals through a CXCR2-ERK1\/2 axis to induce muscle atrophy","volume":"11","author":"Callaway","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b15-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-022-01755-2","article-title":"Exosomal IL-8 derived from Lung Cancer and Colon Cancer cells induced adipocyte atrophy via NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"21","author":"Xiong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b16-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0945-x","article-title":"Antibody-mediated inhibition of GDF15-GFRAL activity reverses cancer cachexia in mice","volume":"26","author":"Suriben","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b17-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2543","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2017.5542","article-title":"Cancer-induced cardiac cachexia: Pathogenesis and impact of physical activity (Review)","volume":"37","author":"Belloum","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncol Rep"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b18-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12310","article-title":"Treating cachexia using soluble ACVR2B improves survival, alters mTOR localization, and attenuates liver and spleen responses","volume":"9","author":"Nissinen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b19-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12652","article-title":"Inflammation-induced cholestasis in cancer cachexia","volume":"12","author":"Thibaut","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b20-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2015.08.008","article-title":"Regulation of hepatic cardiolipin metabolism by TNF\u03b1: Implication in cancer cachexia","volume":"1851","author":"Peyta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b21-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.11.033","article-title":"TNF-\u03b1 and cancer cachexia: Molecular insights and clinical implications","volume":"170","author":"Patel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b22-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2657","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-128-5-2657","article-title":"Chinese hamster ovarian cells transfected with the murine interleukin-6 gene cause hypercalcemia as well as cachexia, leukocytosis and thrombocytosis in tumor-bearing nude mice","volume":"128","author":"Black","year":"1991","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b23-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18224","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.24804","article-title":"Increased gut permeability in cancer cachexia: mechanisms and clinical relevance","volume":"9","author":"Bindels","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b24-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1242\/bio.20136544","article-title":"Characterization of the male ApcMin\/+ mouse as a hypogonadism model related to cancer cachexia","volume":"2","author":"White","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol Open"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b25-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.167.3.1211","article-title":"Cachectin\/tumor necrosis factor induces cachexia, anemia, and inflammation","volume":"167","author":"Tracey","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b26-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12138","article-title":"New genetic signatures associated with cancer cachexia as defined by low skeletal muscle index and weight loss","volume":"8","author":"Johns","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b27-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2146","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12998","article-title":"Sex specificity of pancreatic cancer cachexia phenotypes, mechanisms, and treatment in mice and humans: Role of Activin","volume":"13","author":"Zhong","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b28-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1080\/14737140.2021.1927720","article-title":"A multimodal approach to cancer-related cachexia: from theory to practice","volume":"21","author":"Avancini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anticancer Ther"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b29-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bnaa007","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnaa007","article-title":"GDF15: A hormone conveying somatic distress to the brain","volume":"41","author":"Lockhart","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b30-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12077","article-title":"MAP3K11\/GDF15 axis is a critical driver of cancer cachexia","volume":"7","author":"Lerner","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b31-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4842","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13194842","article-title":"Clinical and tumor characteristics of patients with high serum levels of growth differentiation factor 15 in advanced pancreatic cancer","volume":"13","author":"Suzuki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b32-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12033","article-title":"Plasma growth differentiation factor 15 is associated with weight loss and mortality in cancer patients","volume":"6","author":"Lerner","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b33-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1677","article-title":"Tumor-induced anorexia and weight loss are mediated by the TGF-beta superfamily cytokine MIC-1","volume":"13","author":"Johnen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b34-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869558","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.869558","article-title":"Growth differentiation factor 15 protects SH-SY5Y cells from rotenone-induced toxicity by suppressing mitochondrial apoptosis","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b35-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.17725","article-title":"Overview of growth differentiation factor 15 in metabolic syndrome","volume":"27","author":"Asrih","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b36-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-023-04743-x","article-title":"GDF15 as a key disease target and biomarker: Linking chronic lung diseases and ageing","author":"Wan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b37-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-020-02459-1","article-title":"GDF15, an update of the physiological and pathological roles it plays: A review","volume":"472","author":"Assadi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b38-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2990","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10112990","article-title":"The Role of GDF15 as a Myomitokine","volume":"10","author":"Johann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b39-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00951","article-title":"Growth\/Differentiation Factor-15 (GDF-15): From biomarker to novel targetable immune checkpoint","volume":"11","author":"Wischhusen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b40-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1097\/SPC.0000000000000384","article-title":"Targeting the divergent TGF\u03b2 superfamily cytokine MIC-1\/GDF15 for therapy of anorexia\/cachexia syndromes","volume":"12","author":"Tsai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Support Palliat Care"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b41-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2021.11.002","article-title":"Pathophysiological role of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) in obesity, cancer, and cachexia","volume":"64","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b42-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627395","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.627395","article-title":"The relationship between circulating growth differentiation factor 15 levels and diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"12","author":"Niu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b43-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12870","DOI":"10.1038\/srep12870","article-title":"Growth differentiation factor-15: A p53- and demethylation-upregulating gene represses cell proliferation, invasion, and tumorigenesis in bladder carcinoma cells","volume":"5","author":"Tsui","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b44-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2925","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032925","article-title":"GDF15 promotes cell growth, migration, and invasion in gastric cancer by inducing STAT3 activation","volume":"24","author":"Joo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b45-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-018-0744-0","article-title":"GDF15 promotes the proliferation of cervical cancer cells by phosphorylating AKT1 and Erk1\/2 through the receptor ErbB2","volume":"37","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b46-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/s10585-020-10041-3","article-title":"Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) in cancer cell metastasis: From the cells to the patients","volume":"37","author":"Spanopoulou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Exp Metastasis"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b47-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8889","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22168889","article-title":"GDF15 and cardiac cells: Current concepts and new insights","volume":"22","author":"Rochette","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b48-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2750","DOI":"10.1002\/2211-5463.13013","article-title":"GDF15 knockdown suppresses cervical cancer cell migration in vitro through the TGF-\u03b2\/Smad2\/3\/Snail1 pathway","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"FEBS Open Bio"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b49-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20140155","article-title":"GDF15 regulates Kv2.1-mediated outward K+ current through the Akt\/mTOR signalling pathway in rat cerebellar granule cells","volume":"460","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b50-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.10.003","article-title":"C\/EBP homologous protein promotes NSAID-activated gene 1-linked pro-inflammatory signals and enterocyte invasion by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli","volume":"19","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b51-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13010099","article-title":"Association between growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) serum levels, anorexia and low muscle mass among cancer patients","volume":"13","author":"Molfino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b52-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2021357118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2021357118","article-title":"GFRAL-expressing neurons suppress food intake via aversive pathways","volume":"118","author":"Sabatini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b53-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2106868118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2106868118","article-title":"Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis by exogenous and endogenous GDF15","volume":"118","author":"Cimino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b54-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-023-01454-0","article-title":"Cancer cachexia: Molecular mechanisms and treatment strategies","volume":"16","author":"Setiawan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b55-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2014-206225","article-title":"Increased expression of GDF-15 may mediate ICU-acquired weakness by down-regulating muscle microRNAs","volume":"70","author":"Bloch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b56-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6591","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-10587-0","article-title":"High serum concentrations of growth differentiation factor-15 and their association with Crohn's disease and a low skeletal muscle index","volume":"12","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b57-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2017-211440","article-title":"Growth\/differentiation factor 15 causes TGF\u03b2-activated kinase 1-dependent muscle atrophy in pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"74","author":"Garfield","year":"2019","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b58-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897097","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.897097","article-title":"Growth differentiation factor-15 as a biomarker for sarcopenia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"9","author":"Deng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b59-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12778","article-title":"Associations of low hand grip strength with 1 year mortality of cancer cachexia: A multicentre observational study","volume":"12","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b60-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-022-00972-z","article-title":"GDF-15 in tumor-derived exosomes promotes muscle atrophy via Bcl-2\/caspase-3 pathway","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b61-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1629","article-title":"High levels of GDF15 in thalassemia suppress expression of the iron regulatory protein hepcidin","volume":"13","author":"Tanno","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b62-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-020-01439-w","article-title":"Iron overload is related to muscle wasting in patients with cachexia of gastric cancer: using quantitative proteome analysis","volume":"37","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Oncol"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b63-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12939","article-title":"Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation and glucocorticoid-responsive gene expression in skeletal muscle and liver of Apc mice","volume":"13","author":"Martin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b64-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e131870","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.131870","article-title":"Growth and differentiation factor 15 is secreted by skeletal muscle during exercise and promotes lipolysis in humans","volume":"5","author":"Laurens","year":"2020","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b65-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2189","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.21013","article-title":"Body composition and time course changes in regional distribution of fat and lean tissue in unselected cancer patients on palliative care-correlations with food intake, metabolism, exercise capacity, and hormones","volume":"103","author":"Fouladiun","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b66-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4727","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201701465RR","article-title":"The tumor secretory factor ZAG promotes white adipose tissue browning and energy wasting","volume":"32","author":"Elattar","year":"2018","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b67-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848394","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.848394","article-title":"Metabolic reprogramming in adipose tissue during cancer cachexia","volume":"12","author":"Weber","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b68-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-023-01091-2","article-title":"Messages from the Mineral: How bone cells communicate with other tissues","volume":"113","author":"Plotkin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b69-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.41867","article-title":"F2r negatively regulates osteoclastogenesis through inhibiting the Akt and NF\u03baB signaling pathways","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b70-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-021-08518-9","article-title":"Effect of cachexia on bone turnover in cancer patients: A case-control study","volume":"21","author":"Zwickl","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b71-ol-26-5-14049","first-page":"679","article-title":"Differential bone loss in mouse models of colon cancer cachexia","volume":"7","author":"Bonetto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b72-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.4480","article-title":"RANKL blockade reduces cachexia and bone loss induced by non-metastatic ovarian cancer in mice","volume":"37","author":"Pin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b73-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcmd.2019.102369","article-title":"Urinary cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptide, a bone resorption marker, decreases after vaso-occlusive crises in adults with sickle cell disease","volume":"80","author":"Adesina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Cells Mol Dis"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b74-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.4416","article-title":"Osteopenia is associated with wasting in pancreatic adenocarcinoma and predicts survival after surgery","volume":"11","author":"Cameron","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b75-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e511","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2015.124511","article-title":"Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) promotes osteoclast differentiation and inhibits osteoblast differentiation and high serum GDF15 levels are associated with multiple myeloma bone disease","volume":"100","author":"Westhrin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b76-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1538","article-title":"Positive regulation of osteoclastic differentiation by growth differentiation factor 15 upregulated in osteocytic cells under hypoxia","volume":"27","author":"Hinoi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b77-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.20913","article-title":"Expression of macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 in prostate cancer bone metastases induces osteoclast activation and weight loss","volume":"69","author":"Wakchoure","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b78-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-021-00178-6","article-title":"GDF15 promotes prostate cancer bone metastasis and colonization through osteoblastic CCL2 and RANKL activation","volume":"10","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bone Res"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b79-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.50376","article-title":"GDF15\/GFRAL pathway as a metabolic signature for cachexia in patients with cancer","volume":"12","author":"Ahmed","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cancer"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b80-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-021-06486-1","article-title":"The prognostic effect of hemoglobin on patients with cancer cachexia: A multicenter retrospective cohort study","volume":"30","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b81-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-020-02120-9","article-title":"Inhibition of TGF\u03b2 improves hematopoietic stem cell niche and ameliorates cancer-related anemia","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b82-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2013.10.015","article-title":"Regulation of hepcidin through GDF-15 in cancer-related anemia","volume":"428","author":"Jiang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b83-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2671","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11172671","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-beta signaling in cancer-induced cachexia: From molecular pathways to the clinics","volume":"11","author":"Balsano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b84-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-00436-9","article-title":"Targeting TGF\u03b2 signal transduction for cancer therapy","volume":"6","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b85-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0132786","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0132786","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2 blockade reduces mortality and metabolic changes in a validated murine model of pancreatic cancer cachexia","volume":"10","author":"Greco","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b86-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12279","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232012279","article-title":"GDF11 Regulates PC12 neural stem cells via ALK5-Dependent PI3K-Akt signaling pathway","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b87-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.01.044","article-title":"Supraphysiologic administration of GDF11 induces cachexia in part by upregulating GDF15","volume":"22","author":"Jones","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b88-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-017-0639-9","article-title":"Exogenous GDF11 induces cardiac and skeletal muscle dysfunction and wasting","volume":"112","author":"Zimmers","year":"2017","journal-title":"Basic Res Cardiol"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b89-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12408","article-title":"Recent developments in the field of cachexia, sarcopenia, and muscle wasting: highlights from the 11th Cachexia Conference","volume":"10","author":"Ebner","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b90-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12552","article-title":"Recent developments in the field of cachexia, sarcopenia, and muscle wasting: Highlights from the 12th Cachexia Conference","volume":"11","author":"Ebner","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b91-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2023.2194489","article-title":"Current advancements in pharmacotherapy for cancer cachexia","volume":"24","author":"da Fonseca","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b92-ol-26-5-14049","first-page":"14","article-title":"CT108\/16-First-in-patient study of the GDF-15 inhibitor ponsegromab in patients with cancer and cachexia: Safety, tolerability, and exploratory measures of efficacy","author":"Crawford","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 114th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b93-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111947","article-title":"GDF15 neutralization restores muscle function and physical performance in a mouse model of cancer cachexia","volume":"42","author":"Kim-Muller","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"key20231018120909_b94-ol-26-5-14049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844042","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.844042","article-title":"Targeting stress erythropoiesis pathways in cancer","volume":"13","author":"Vignjevi\u0107 Petrinovi\u0107","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Physiol"}],"container-title":["Oncology Letters"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]],"date-time":"2023-10-18T05:09:25Z","timestamp":1697605765000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.spandidos-publications.com\/10.3892\/ol.2023.14049"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]]},"references-count":94,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/ol.2023.14049","relation":{},"ISSN":["1792-1074","1792-1082"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1792-1074","type":"print"},{"value":"1792-1082","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]]},"article-number":"462"}}