{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T08:24:47Z","timestamp":1786955087462,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Pensoft Publishers","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BDJ"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Abalone is an economically important mollusc in the aquaculture industry; however, research on the morphological classification and geographical origin tracing of abalone species remains limited. In the present study, a total of 177 specimens were collected, comprising five abalone species \u2014\n                    <jats:italic>Haliotis madaka<\/jats:italic>\n                    (T. Habe, 1977),\n                    <jats:italic>Haliotis diversicolor<\/jats:italic>\n                    Reeve, 1846,\n                    <jats:italic>Haliotis gigantea<\/jats:italic>\n                    Gmelin, 1791,\n                    <jats:italic>Haliotis ovina<\/jats:italic>\n                    Gmelin, 1791 and\n                    <jats:italic>Haliotis discus hannai<\/jats:italic>\n                    Ino, 1953 (including samples from wild and cultured populations in Liaoning Province, as well as a cultured population in Fujian Province). Generalised Procrustes Analysis (GPA) was applied to standardise the landmark data, thereby removing non-morphological sources of variation. Subsequently, multivariate statistical methods \u2014 including Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Canonical Variate Analysis (CVA) were employed to quantify morphological differences.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    PCA results showed that PC1 and PC2 accounted for 62.23% and 12.68% of the total morphological variance amongst the five species, respectively, with a cumulative contribution of 74.91%. For the three\n                    <jats:italic>H. discus hannai<\/jats:italic>\n                    populations (Liaoning-wild, Liaoning-cultured and Fujian-cultured), PC1 and PC2 explained 50.57% and 12.07% of the total variance, respectively. CVA revealed that the first two canonical variates accounted for 69.59% of the overall shape variation amongst groups. These findings demonstrate that geometric morphometric approaches effectively distinguish amongst the five abalone species examined and successfully differentiate between wild and cultured specimens of\n                    <jats:italic>H. discus hannai<\/jats:italic>\n                    . However, the two cultured populations from Liaoning and Fujian Provinces exhibited considerable morphological overlap along the primary discriminant axis, precluding complete separation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3897\/bdj.14.e201558","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T07:41:37Z","timestamp":1786952497000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Application of geometric methods to the morphological classification of five abalone species"],"prefix":"10.3897","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiancheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beisen Seafood (DaLian)Co.,Ltd, Dalian, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanle","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingqiao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sining","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenlin","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2258","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"201558_B14224665","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2018.06.026"},{"key":"201558_B14404757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1361-8415(97)85012-8"},{"key":"201558_B14224769","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mollus\/59.4.429"},{"key":"201558_B14227024","author":"Bureau of Fisheries","year":"2025","journal-title":"2025 China Fishery Statistical 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Ampullariidae)","volume":"37","author":"Lai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Hydroecology"},{"key":"201558_B14224778","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf00347131"},{"key":"201558_B14226526","first-page":"72","article-title":"Analysis of abalone production situation in the post-pandemic era","volume":"12","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ocean and 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