{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,9]],"date-time":"2025-11-09T11:12:23Z","timestamp":1762686743508,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Pensoft Publishers","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]],"date-time":"2021-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FM"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Introduction:<\/jats:bold> Cardiac fibrosis is the hallmark of atrial remodeling in atrial fibrillation. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a biomarker of fibrosis. It is well studied in heart failure, but the data about its role in atrial fibrillation are sparse.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p><jats:bold>Aim:<\/jats:bold> The aim of the study was to evaluate the levels of Gal-3 in patients with atrial fibrillation after sinus rhythm restoration, to examine the association between this biomarker and other factors for developing atrial fibrillation and to assess its prognostic role.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p><jats:bold>Materials and methods:<\/jats:bold> We included 67 patients (35 male) at the mean age of 67.36&amp;plusmn;7.25 years, with Gal-3 test after sinus rhythm restoration, a subgroup of participants in placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial of treatment with spironolactone. They were followed up for atrial fibrillation recurrence and hospitalizations. The effect of demographic parameters and other factors on Gal-3 levels were evaluated before and one year after treatment.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Mean Gal-3 at baseline was 16.9&amp;plusmn;6.8 ng\/ml. Higher levels of Gal-3 were associated with female gender (&amp;#1088;=0.008), increasing age (&amp;#1088;=0.005), renal dysfunction (p&lt;0.0001) and gout (&amp;#1088;=0.002). Higher thromboembolic risk as assessed by CHA2DS2-VASc score was significantly related to Gal-3. The levels of biomarker did not affect the number of atrial fibrillation recurrences (p=0.9) and hospitalizations. No correlation was found with treatment with spironolactone, antiarrhythmic and antihypertensive drugs.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> Higher Gal-3 in atrial fibrillation was associated with female sex, renal dysfunction, and history of gout. The levels of Gal-3 were not related to rhythm control. Treatment with spironolactone did not affect the biomarker of fibrosis Gal-3 in AF patients. Higher Gal-3 was related to high embolic risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3897\/folmed.63.e55313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]],"date-time":"2021-06-30T12:50:13Z","timestamp":1625057413000},"page":"329-336","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Galectin-3 in patients with atrial fibrillation and restored sinus rhythm"],"prefix":"10.3897","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9259-8884","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Antoniya","family":"Kisheva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7498-6544","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yoto","family":"Yotov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4964-1795","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Trifon","family":"Chervenkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atanas","family":"Angelov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yana","family":"Bocheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2258","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]]},"container-title":["Folia Medica"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/foliamedica.bg\/article\/55313\/download\/pdf\/","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/foliamedica.bg\/article\/55313\/download\/xml\/","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/foliamedica.bg\/article_preview.php?id=55313&skip_redirect=1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]],"date-time":"2021-06-30T15:32:49Z","timestamp":1625067169000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/foliamedica.bg\/article\/55313\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3897\/folmed.63.e55313","relation":{},"ISSN":["1314-2143","0204-8043"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1314-2143"},{"type":"print","value":"0204-8043"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]]}}}