{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T14:47:48Z","timestamp":1781966868484,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Pensoft Publishers","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]],"date-time":"2023-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FM"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Aim:<\/jats:bold> The present study aimed to assess the antimicrobial effects of orthodontic primer containing nano-propolis against the cariogenic bacteria in &amp;#1072; rat model.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p><jats:bold>Materials and methods:<\/jats:bold> Transbond XT orthodontic primer containing 0%, 1%, 5%, and 10% nano-propolis was experimentally prepared in-house. The Wistar rats we used in the study were randomly divided into four groups and their oral cavities were colonized with <jats:italic>Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Lactobacillus acidophilus<\/jats:italic>. After anesthetizing the rats, one drop (10&amp;nbsp;&amp;micro;L) of primer containing different concentrations of nano-propolis was applied to the labial surface of the maxillary incisor and light-cured. The orthodontic composite was applied on the primer and light-cured. One drop (10&amp;nbsp;&amp;micro;L) of primer containing the same concentrations of nano-propolis was again applied on the surface of composite and light-cured. The number of <jats:italic>S. mutans, S. sanguinis<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>L. acidophilus <\/jats:italic>colonies in the saliva of rats was quantified at 24 h, at days 4 and 7 using plate counting.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p><jats:bold>Results: <\/jats:bold>Primer containing 1%, 5%, and 10% of nano-propolis significantly reduced the <jats:italic>S. mutans <\/jats:italic>colony count at 24 h compared with the control group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05). At day 4, the mean <jats:italic>S. mutans <\/jats:italic>colony counts in the 5% and 10% nano-propolis groups were significantly lower than that in the control group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05). Primer containing 1%, 5%, and 10% (all (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05) of nano-propolis significantly reduced the <jats:italic>L. acidophilus<\/jats:italic> at 24 hours. Also, at day 4 the mean <jats:italic>L. acidophilus<\/jats:italic> colony counts in the 5% and 10% nano-propolis groups were significantly lower than that in the control group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05). At 24 h and 4 days, the mean <jats:italic>S. sanguinis<\/jats:italic> colony count in the 1%, 5%, and 10% nano-propolis group was significantly lower than that in the control group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05). No significant difference was observed in the presence of all concentrations of nano-propolis at day 7 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&gt;0.05).<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions: <\/jats:bold>Orthodontic primer containing nano-propolis significantly reduced the colony count of cariogenic bacteria in a rat model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3897\/folmed.65.e67782","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]],"date-time":"2023-02-28T17:11:35Z","timestamp":1677604295000},"page":"131-139","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Evaluation of antibacterial effect of the orthodontic composite containing propolis nanoparticles in rat as an animal model"],"prefix":"10.3897","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Zeinab","family":"Imani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Sodagar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Pourhajibagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armin","family":"Hosseinpour Nader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abbas","family":"Bahador","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2258","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]]},"container-title":["Folia Medica"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/foliamedica.bg\/article\/67782\/download\/pdf\/","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/foliamedica.bg\/article\/67782\/download\/xml\/","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/foliamedica.bg\/article\/67782\/download\/pdf\/","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]],"date-time":"2023-02-28T17:11:37Z","timestamp":1677604297000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/foliamedica.bg\/article\/67782\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3897\/folmed.65.e67782","relation":{},"ISSN":["1314-2143","0204-8043"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1314-2143","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0204-8043","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]]}}}