{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T11:47:34Z","timestamp":1747223254634,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Pensoft Publishers","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FM"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Introduction<\/jats:bold>: Myofunctional appliances have been shown to have a positive effect on the muscles in the facial area. Surface electromyography (sEMG) is one of the reliable methods used to investigate these effects.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p><jats:bold>Aim<\/jats:bold>: The aim of this follow-up study is to evaluate the effect of a myofunctional appliance T4K on the perioral and masticatory muscles in patients with class II subdivision 1 malocclusion by sEMG.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p><jats:bold>Materials and methods<\/jats:bold>: Sixteen children were treated with a Trainer appliance (T4K) for 9 months. The appliance should be worn every day for 1 hour and overnight. The EMG recordings were performed at the beginning and at the end of the Trainer therapy. The anterior temporal and masseter muscles were examined during maximal clenching. The orbicularis oris and mentalis muscles were examined during swallowing and sucking. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 23.0.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>: The EMG values of the anterior temporal and masseter muscles during clenching increased significantly as a result of the treatment (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;0.05). At the end of the observation period, the EMG values of the mentalis muscle did not change during both sucking and swallowing (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&amp;gt;0.05), while the values of the orbicularis oris muscle increased significantly during sucking and swallowing (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;0.05).<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>: As a result of the treatment with Trainer appliance, the EMG activity of the perioral and masticatory muscle significantly increased, while no change was observed in the electrical activity of the mentalis muscle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3897\/folmed.65.e94741","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T09:43:57Z","timestamp":1698745437000},"page":"816-820","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effect of pre-orthodontic trainer treatment on the masticatory and perioral muscles in patients with class II subdivision 1 malocclusion evaluated by surface EMG"],"prefix":"10.3897","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9489-8162","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vladimir","family":"Bogdanov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miroslava","family":"Dinkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8389-0261","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Diana","family":"Tsakova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2258","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"94741_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1. Collett AR. Current concepts on functional appliances and mandibular growth stimulation. Aust Dent J 2000; 45(3):173\u20138.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1834-7819.2000.tb00553.x"},{"key":"94741_B2","unstructured":"2. Tallgren A, Christiansen R, Ash MM, et al. Effects of a myofunctional appliance on orofacial muscle activity and structures. Angle Orthod 1998; 3:249\u201358."},{"key":"94741_B3","unstructured":"3. Usumez S, Uysal T, Sari Z, et al. The effects of early preorthodontic trainer treatment on class II, division 1 patients. Angle Orthod 2004; 74:605\u20139."},{"key":"94741_B4","unstructured":"4. Petrunov V. Index of malocclusion severity assessment. Orthodontic review 2017; Jubilee Edition: 8-16."},{"key":"94741_B5","unstructured":"5. Petrunov V. [Epidemiological study of malocclusions and the need for orthodontic treatment in Bulgarians in the period from mixed to permanent dentition]. [PhD thesis] Sofia, Bulgaria: Medical University of Sofia; 2012 [Bulgarian]."},{"key":"94741_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Eckardt L, Harzer W, Schneevoigt R. Comparative study of excitation patterns in the masseter muscle before and after orthognathic surgery. J Craniofac Surg 1997; 25:344\u201352.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-5182(97)80037-6"},{"key":"94741_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7. Schievano D, Rontani RMP, Berzin F. Influence of myofunctional therapy on the perioral muscles. Clinical and electromyographic evaluations. J Oral Rehabil 1999; 26:564\u201369.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2842.1999.00410.x"},{"key":"94741_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8. Pancherz H, Anehus-Pancherz M. Muscle activity in class II, division 1 malocclusions treated by bite jumping with the Herbst appliance. An electromyographic study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1980; 78(3):321\u20139.","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(80)90277-8"},{"key":"94741_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. Satygo EA, Silin AV, Ramirez-Ya\u00f1ez GO. Electromyographic muscular activity improvement in Class II patients treated with the pre-orthodontic trainer. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2014; 38(4):380\u20134.","DOI":"10.17796\/jcpd.38.4.2vh1603n62878673"},{"key":"94741_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. Petrovi\u0107 D, Vujkov S, Petronijevi\u0107 B, et al. Examination of the bioelectrical activity of the masticatory muscles during Angle\u2019s Class II division 2 therapy with an activator. Vojnosanit Pregl 2014; 71(12):1116\u201322.","DOI":"10.2298\/VSP130901058P"},{"key":"94741_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. Uysal T, Yagci A, Kara S, et al. Influence of pre-orthodontic trainer treatment on the perioral and masticatory muscles in patients with Class II division 1 malocclusion. Eur J Orthod 2012; 34(1):96\u2013101.","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjq169"},{"key":"94741_B12","unstructured":"12. Uner O, Darendeliler N, Bilir E. Effects of an activator on the masseter and anterior temporal muscle activities in Class II malocclusions. J Clin Pediatr Dent 1999; 23(4):327\u201332."},{"key":"94741_B13","unstructured":"13. Yagci A, Uysal T, Kara S, et al. The effects of myofunctional appliance treatment on the perioral and masticatory muscles in Class II, Division 1 patients. World J Orthod 2010; 11(2):117\u201322."}],"container-title":["Folia Medica"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/foliamedica.bg\/article\/94741\/download\/pdf\/","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/foliamedica.bg\/article\/94741\/download\/xml\/","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/foliamedica.bg\/article_preview.php?id=94741&skip_redirect=1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T09:44:05Z","timestamp":1698745445000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/foliamedica.bg\/article\/94741\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3897\/folmed.65.e94741","relation":{},"ISSN":["1314-2143","0204-8043"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1314-2143"},{"type":"print","value":"0204-8043"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]]}}}