{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T15:44:38Z","timestamp":1782315878162,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Pensoft Publishers","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,31]],"date-time":"2024-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725062400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FM"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Introduction<\/jats:bold>: <jats:italic>Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic> and lactobacilli are most important bacteria in the pathogenesis of dental caries. Cariogenic microflora has been associated to the primary caregiver transmission and sugary diets.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p><jats:bold>Aim<\/jats:bold>: This study aimed to relate <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic> and lactobacilli in the plaque to demographic factors in Iraqi children.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p><jats:bold>Materials and methods<\/jats:bold>: The study included 135 children aged 3-10 years. Samples of their dental plaque were taken from the upper second primary molars on the buccal surfaces using a clean toothpick. Each sample was stored in 1 ml of normal saline followed by dispersion for 30 seconds using Vortex mix. Before inoculation, serial dilutions were done. Inoculation was done in the selective media for each microorganism: mitis salivarius-bacitracin agar for <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic> and Rogosa agar for lactobacilli. The bacterial count was estimated by counting CFU and a dissection microscope (\u00d715). A questionnaire on the demographic factors was sent to each child to be filled in by their parents.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>: <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic> was demonstrated to be greater in the dental plaque of 3-6-year-old children whose mothers are housewives, groups that add sugar to milk, groups without any history of systemic disease, mother\u2019s age, and normal-weight children, whereas lactobacilli increased in the plaque of children aged 7\u201310 years, women, children with fathers who are government employees, mother\u2019s occupation, children who were not nursed during sleep, father\u2019s age, normal weight, and times of teeth brushing.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold>: <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic> and lactobacilli are clearly associated with different demographic factors. Education of parents and children has an effective impact on controlling their number, reducing dental caries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3897\/folmed.66.e127454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T09:56:02Z","timestamp":1725530162000},"page":"491-499","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Dental plaque caries related microorganism in relation to demographic factors among a group of Iraqi children"],"prefix":"10.3897","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2184-1568","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Muna Saleem","family":"Khalaf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0682-664X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alhan Ahmed","family":"Qasim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7543-8440","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zainab Juma","family":"Jafar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7351-1018","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ahlam Taha","family":"Mohammad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2258","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"127454_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2016.865"},{"key":"127454_B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/089106000435572"},{"key":"127454_B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11081324"},{"key":"127454_B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2010.03.002"},{"key":"127454_B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2231-0762.115712"},{"key":"127454_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eman KC, Qasim A. 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Available from: https:\/\/jbcd.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php\/jbcd\/article\/view\/1439","DOI":"10.12816\/0031120"},{"key":"127454_B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2334\/josnusd.22-0177"},{"key":"127454_B12","unstructured":"Astuti LA. The correlation of dental caries with parents education science level at Ar-Rahmah islamic elementary school Tamalanrea Makassar, South Sulawesi. Indian J Public Health Res Dev 2020; 11(3):2131\u20136. 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Comparison between severe haemophilic A and healthy children in streptococcus mutans, oral lactobacilli and candida albicans counts. J Bagh Coll Dentistry 2012; 24(3):149\u201353. Available from: https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/327764517"},{"key":"127454_B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5958\/0976-5506.2019.03350.3"},{"key":"127454_B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cdoe.12413"},{"key":"127454_B24","unstructured":"Levine RS, Nugent ZJ, Rudolf MC, et al. Dietary patterns, toothbrushing habits and caries experience of schoolchildren in West Yorkshire, England. Community Dent Health 2007; 24:82\u20137."},{"key":"127454_B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00767"},{"key":"127454_B26","unstructured":"Jafar ZJ, Aldafaai RR. Effect of nutritional status on dental caries and salivary alkaline phosphatase in a group of children. Int Med J 2022; 29(1):64\u20137. 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