{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T17:44:06Z","timestamp":1778867046244,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Pensoft Publishers","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FM"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Aim<\/jats:bold>: In this study, the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and refraction in preterm-born infants in South-Eastern Bulgaria after 12 years of treatment for type 1 prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity were presented, and the outcomes of laser treatment and cryotherapy were compared.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p><jats:bold>Materials and methods<\/jats:bold>: Since 2010, we have treated 319 eyes of 164 prematurely born children for type 1 prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity and were prospectively followed up. The mean (range) gestational age was 28.6 weeks of gestation (23\u201333) and the mean (range) birth weight was 1143 g (570\u20131990). Cryotherapy was applied on 76 eyes (23.2%), laser was used in 215 eyes (65.5%), anti-VEGF \u2013 in 10 eyes (3%) and surgery \u2013 in 18 eyes (5.5%). Twelve children (24 eyes, 7.3%) were lost to the follow-up. BCVA was tested in 114 eyes and refraction in 190 eyes. Because of the small number of eyes treated surgically or with anti-VEGF (18 and 10, respectively), these children\u2019s eyes were excluded from the statistical analysis.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>: Fifty eyes showed BCVA between 0.6 and 1.0; 25 eyes \u2013 between 0.2 and 0.5; 5 eyes \u2013 between 0.04 and 0.1; 5 eyes between light perception \u20130.03 and 4 eyes were totally blind. Laser-treated eyes showed statistically significantly higher BCVA compared to the cryotherapy treated eyes (Fisher\u2019s exact test, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.012). Myopia (any myopic refraction) was found in 50 eyes; hyperopia (&amp;gt;+2 D) \u2013 in 20 eyes; astigmatism (difference between the two principal meridians &amp;gt;0.75 D) \u2013 in 70 eyes, and emmetropia \u2013 in 30 eyes. Although in the laser-treated group more eyes showed emmetropic and hyperopic refraction compared to cryo treated group (25 eyes vs. 7 eyes \u2013 emmetropia and 15 eyes vs. 5 eyes \u2013 hyperopia, respectively), the difference did not reach statistical significance (Fisher\u2019s exact test, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.106).<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold>: Timely treatment of type 1 prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity leads to very good anatomical and functional results. Laser treatment leads to significantly higher BCVA, compared to cryotherapy. Emmetropia and hyperopia are more commonly seen in laser-treated eyes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3897\/folmed.66.e133949","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]],"date-time":"2024-11-06T15:31:33Z","timestamp":1730907093000},"page":"645-652","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Visual and refractive outcome after 12 years of treatment of type 1 prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity"],"prefix":"10.3897","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3246-8906","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vasil G.","family":"Marinov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nelly P.","family":"Sivkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maya B.","family":"Krasteva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2564-3291","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kiril K.","family":"Simitchiev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2258","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"133949_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1. 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Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity Cooperative Group. Visual acuity at 10 years in Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity (CRYO-ROP) study eyes: effect of retinal residua of retinopathy of prematurity. Arch Ophthalmol 2006; 124(2):199\u2013202.","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.124.2.199"},{"key":"133949_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14. Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity Cooperative Group. Final visual acuity results in the early treatment for retinopathy of prematurity study. Arch Ophthalmol 2010; 128(6):663\u201371.","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2010.72"},{"key":"133949_B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2011.143"},{"key":"133949_B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjopt.2012.05.006"},{"key":"133949_B17","unstructured":"17. Ziylan \u015e, \u00d6zt\u00fcrk V, Yaba\u015f-Kizilo\u011flu \u00d6, et al. Myopia, visual acuity and strabismus in the long-term following treatment of retinopathy of prematurity. Turk J Pediatr 2014; 56:518\u201323."},{"key":"133949_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18. Kesarwani P, Narang S, Chawla D, et al. Vision\u2011related quality of life in children with treated retinopathy of prematurity. 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