{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T12:44:08Z","timestamp":1761741848905,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Pensoft Publishers","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a primary immunodeficiency disorder that is either X-linked or autosomal recessive and is characterized by recurrent infections. The diagnosis is primarily based on the nitroblue tetrazolium dye reduction test. Here, we present the case of a 28-year-old pregnant woman with CGD who was diagnosed before marriage and who presented with recurrent subcutaneous skin and ocular infections. Following treatment with multiple antibacterial agents, including meropenem, her infections resolved, and she gave birth to a healthy baby girl at term. However, the newborn has now started to exhibit similar symptoms to those experienced by her mother. This case highlights the need for further studies on the potential impact of maternal chemotherapy on CGD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3897\/folmed.67.e142724","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T07:13:36Z","timestamp":1761722016000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Chronic Granulomatous Disease in Pregnancy: a Rare Case Report"],"prefix":"10.3897","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6067-5745","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zahraa Muhmmed Jameel","family":"Al-Sattam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zuhair Basheer","family":"Kamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2258","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"142724_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu1154"},{"key":"142724_B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.05.031"},{"key":"142724_B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005234"},{"key":"142724_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4. 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Winkelstein JA, Marino MC, Johnston RB, et al. Chronic granulomatous disease. Report on a national registry of 368 patients. Medicine 2000; 79(3):155\u201369.","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-200005000-00003"},{"key":"142724_B17","unstructured":"17. Kukreja S, Kleiner D, Malech HL. Treatment of infections in chronic granulomatous disease. Clin Infect Dis 2010; 60(8):1176\u201383."},{"key":"142724_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18. Seger RA. Modern management of chronic granulomatous disease. British J Haematol 2008; 140(3):255\u201366.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2007.06880.x"},{"key":"142724_B19","unstructured":"19. Wolach B, Gavrieli R, De Boer M, et al. Chronic granulomatous disease: clinical, functional, and genetic study of 38 kindreds. Pediatric Research 2017; 81(6):981\u20137."},{"key":"142724_B20","unstructured":"20. Battersby AC, Martire B, Habibi P. Chronic granulomatous disease and pregnancy: an international survey. Clin Immunol 2020; 215:1."},{"key":"142724_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21. Van den Berg JM, Van Koppen E, \u00c5hlin A, et al. Chronic granulomatous disease: the European experience. PloS One 2009; 4(4):e5234.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005234"},{"key":"142724_B22","unstructured":"22. Mathews CJ, Taylor PR, Ferguson MA, et al. Defective function of alternatively activated macrophages in CGD. J Pathol 2007; 211(5):618\u201329."},{"key":"142724_B23","unstructured":"23. Morton JG, Weston WL. Immunological aspects of pregnancy: An overview. Obstetr Gynecol International 2015."},{"key":"142724_B24","unstructured":"24. Banerjee MK, Brigham KL. Management of pregnant women with CGD. Am J Med Sci 2017; 354(6):603\u201312."},{"key":"142724_B25","unstructured":"25. Mathews M, Ramsey MA, Koren G. Safety of meropenem in pregnancy: a systematic review. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007; 60(3):499\u2013510."},{"key":"142724_B26","unstructured":"26. Briggs GG, Freeman RK, Yaffe SJ. Drugs in pregnancy and lactation: a reference guide to fetal and neonatal risk. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2017."},{"key":"142724_B27","unstructured":"27. Wang Y, Wang Z. Antibiotics during pregnancy: Safety and prescribing practices. J Obstetr Gynaecol 2018; 38(6):763\u20139."},{"key":"142724_B28","unstructured":"28. Cross A, Charlesworth B. Autoimmune diseases in CGD patients: Insights and future directions. Immunology Letters 2014; 162(2):134\u201342."},{"key":"142724_B29","unstructured":"29. Henrard M, Lejeune O. Cushing syndrome and myasthenia gravis in CGD: A case series. Endocrine Practice 2016; 22(5):597\u2013602."},{"key":"142724_B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(11)70363-1"},{"key":"142724_B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmy002"},{"key":"142724_B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-18-0522"},{"key":"142724_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"33. 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