{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:46:59Z","timestamp":1753894019456,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Pensoft Publishers","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]],"date-time":"2025-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pediatric tracheotomy became established as a valuable procedure when Galloway reported its successful use to assist breathing in polio patients during the polio pandemic of the 1950s. Examination of the history of the procedure from its inception to the present day reveals a significant change in the indications for its execution. \ufeffThis is due to the achievements of neonatal and pediatric intensive care medicine, which in recent years have been able to shift the emphasis from performing it as an emergency procedure to solve an acute asphyxia problem to performing it in children, representing a complex group of patients with permanent dependence on tracheostomy and medical technologies for long-term survival related to it.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>These undisputed successes have created new groups of small patients in need of tracheotomy \u2013 children with diseases requiring a multidisciplinary approach to treatment, in whom, until not so long ago, performing a tracheotomy for the purpose of maintaining life was considered pointless.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>The main difference in the modern planned pediatric tracheotomy is noticeable in the reasons for its performance \u2013 congenital or acquired upper respiratory tract stenosis, neurological, cardiological and other conditions bilateral insufficiency of the vocal cords and infections of the upper respiratory tract. The indications for its implementation, on the other hand, remain unchanged \u2013 overcoming obstruction of the upper respiratory tract, need for long-term mechanical ventilation, performing a tracheobronchial lavage. Most of the children who require tracheostomy are under 1 year of age, with a higher incidence in males compared to females.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3897\/folmed.67.e143916","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T09:06:56Z","timestamp":1742375216000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Planned tracheotomy in children: indications, contraindications and preoperative assessment"],"prefix":"10.3897","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Stoyan","family":"Markov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria"},{"name":"St George University Hospital, Plovdiv, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3978-044X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Petya","family":"Markova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria"},{"name":"St George University Hospital, Plovdiv, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2258","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"143916_B1","unstructured":"Serra A, Cocuzza S, Longo MR, et al. Tracheostomy in childhood new cases for an old strategy. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2012; 16:1719\u201322."},{"key":"143916_B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2006.04.228"},{"key":"143916_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trachsel D, Hammer J. Indications for tracheostomy in children. Pediatr Respir Rev 2006; 7:162\u20138.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2006.06.004"},{"key":"143916_B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sempedsurg.2021.151054"},{"key":"143916_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zenk J, Fyrmpas G, Zimmermann T, et al. Tracheostomy in young patients: indications and long-term outcome. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2009; 266:705\u201311.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-008-0796-4"},{"key":"143916_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Veder LL, Joosten KFM, Zondag MD, et al. Indications and clinical outcome in pediatric tracheostomy: lessons learned. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 151:110927.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2021.110927"},{"key":"143916_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cochrane LA, Bailey CM. Surgical aspects of tracheostomy in children. Paediatr Respir Rev 2006; 7(3):169\u201374.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2006.06.005"},{"key":"143916_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Campisi P, Forte V. Pediatric tracheostomy. Semin Pediatr Surg 2016; 25:191\u20135.","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sempedsurg.2016.02.014"},{"key":"143916_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amin RS, Fitton CM. Tracheostomy and home ventilation in children. Semin Neonatol 2003; 8(2):127\u201335.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1084-2756(02)00220-8"},{"key":"143916_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gower WA, Golden SL, King NM, et al. Decision-making about tracheostomy for children with medical complexity: Caregiver and health care provider perspectives. Acad Pediatr 2020; 20(8):1094\u2013100.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2020.06.004"},{"key":"143916_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dursun O, Ozel D. Early and long-term outcome after tracheostomy in children. Pediatr Int 2011; 53:202\u20136.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-200X.2010.03208.x"},{"key":"143916_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Graf JM, Montagnino BA, Hueckel R, et al. Pediatric tracheostomies: a recent experiences from one academic center. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2008; 9:96\u2013100.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PCC.0000298641.84257.53"},{"key":"143916_B13","unstructured":"Karapinar B, Arslan MT, Ozcan C. Pediatric bedside tracheostomy in the pediatric intensive care unit: six year experience. Turk J Pediatr 2008; 50:366\u201372."}],"container-title":["Folia Medica"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/foliamedica.bg\/article\/143916\/download\/pdf\/","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/foliamedica.bg\/article\/143916\/download\/xml\/","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/foliamedica.bg\/article_preview.php?id=143916&skip_redirect=1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T09:07:01Z","timestamp":1742375221000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/foliamedica.bg\/article\/143916\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3897\/folmed.67.e143916","relation":{},"ISSN":["1314-2143","0204-8043"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1314-2143"},{"type":"print","value":"0204-8043"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]]},"article-number":"e143916"}}