{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T11:35:44Z","timestamp":1782732944637,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Pensoft Publishers","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740441600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FM"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Introduction<\/jats:bold>: The faculty of speech in humans is a distinguishing trait that sets them apart from all other biological species. Speech production is typically achieved through the processes of phonation and articulation. The acoustic method of studying speech is an individual auditory approach based on hearing as a biological analyzer.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p><jats:bold>Aim<\/jats:bold>: The present study aims to conduct a speech assessment of patients with single frontal maxillary defects, divided into two stages: an initial speech assessment before prosthetic treatment and a secondary speech assessment after temporary prosthetic restorations. The study will also investigate the factors influencing the improvement of sound articulation.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p><jats:bold>Materials and methods<\/jats:bold>: A total of 40 patients (17 men and 23 women) with diastema and healthy vocal cords were included in the study for primary and secondary speech assessments. 60 speech therapy indicators were examined.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>: In our study, improvement was observed in 30 out of 60 speech therapy indicators. The greatest improvement was noted in the pronunciation of alveolodental consonants (\u2018S\u2019, \u2018TS\u2019, \u2018L\u2019). A moderate negative linear correlation suggested that as age increased, the degree of improvement decreased (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.343).<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>: The distortion of consonants in Bulgarian among patients with diastema remains within normal parameters. The richness of sounds in the Bulgarian language, in conjunction with the capabilities of contemporary dental prosthetics, underscores the necessity for subsequent in-depth studies of speech function following prosthetic rehabilitation in future research with a larger sample size.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3897\/folmed.67.e144621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T14:16:59Z","timestamp":1740493019000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The impact of diastema on the articulation of speech sounds"],"prefix":"10.3897","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5658-2164","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kalina","family":"Georgieva-Bozhkova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2893-8626","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Desislava","family":"Konstantinova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7138-4879","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anna","family":"Nenova-Nogalcheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2434-1198","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dimo","family":"Nedelchev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2258","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"144621_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2300255120"},{"key":"144621_B2","unstructured":"2. Docherty N. Netter\u2019s head and neck anatomy for dentistry. 2nd ed. Elsevier; 2012. p. 266\u2013298, 380\u2013435. ISBN: 9781437726633."},{"key":"144621_B3","unstructured":"3. Hiatt JL, Gartner LP. Textbook of head and neck anatomy. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2001. p. 31\u201350. ISBN: 0781721660, 9780781721660."},{"key":"144621_B4","unstructured":"4. Tilkov D, Boyadzhiev T. Bulgarian Phonetics. Sofia: St. Kliment Ohridski University Press; 2013. Pp. 18, 78\u20139. ISBN 954-427-282-8."},{"key":"144621_B5","unstructured":"5. Andreeva B, Koreman J, Barry WJ. Phonatory demarcations of intonation phrases in Bulgarian. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences (ICPhS 2003); 2003 Aug 3\u20139; Barcelona. p. 611\u2013614."},{"key":"144621_B6","unstructured":"6. Tilkov D, Boyadzhiev T, Georgieva E, et al. [Grammar of contemporary Bulgarian literary language (Volume 1): Phonetics]. Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences; 1982 [Bulgarian]."},{"key":"144621_B7","unstructured":"7. Georgiev G. Construction of upper partial dentures according to speech function. [PhD Thesis], Plovdiv, Bulgaria, Faculty of Dentistry, Medical University of Plovdiv, 1979."},{"key":"144621_B8","unstructured":"8. Georgiev G, Popov N. [Speech function and dentures]. Medicina i Fizkultura, Sofia; 1985; p. 55, 94, 95,176 [Bulgarian]."},{"key":"144621_B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000521592"},{"key":"144621_B10","unstructured":"10. Helwany M, Rathee M. Anatomy, head and neck, palate. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023. Available from: https:\/\/www.statpearls.com"},{"key":"144621_B11","unstructured":"11. Shaikh F, Shumway K, Soni A. Physiology, taste. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023. 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Nedelchev DK. Studies on the changes occurring in speech and masticatory functions during prosthetic treatment [PhD Thesis],Varna, Bulgaria, Medical University of Varna, 2024. 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