{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:47:00Z","timestamp":1753894020688,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Pensoft Publishers","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748822400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FM"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Aim<\/jats:bold>: The aim of this study was to compare the lesion depth and level of penetration of CPP-ACFP, SAP P<jats:sub>11<\/jats:sub>-4 and 2 newly synthesized self-assembling peptides by measuring the linear depth of fluorescence.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p><jats:bold>Materials and methods<\/jats:bold>: A total of 30 enamel samples were prepared from orthodontically extracted permanent premolars. Three zones were provided: a sound enamel surface (SC), a demineralization zone (DC), and a remineralization zone (TA). The samples were randomly divided into five groups (n=6): group 1 \u2013 Gr V (MI Varnish\u2122), group 2 \u2013 Gr CR (Curodont\u2122 Repair), group 3 \u2013 IU1, group 4 \u2013 IU2, and group 5 \u2013 Gr NT (control group, no treatment). Lesion depth was assessed by measuring the linear penetration depth of the fluorescent dye by laser confocal microscopy.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>: A statistically significant reduction in the depth of the lesion was found in the experimental groups compared to the control group, which was not treated (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;0.001). The depth of the lesion reveals the degree of mineralization and the cariostatic effect in the experimental groups. When measuring the confocal images, the results showed that there was a similar degree of remineralization for CPP-ACFP and for SAP P<jats:sub>11<\/jats:sub>-4, IU1, and IU2 for the two time points DC and TA, but without statistical significance between them (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=1.00). The samples treated with IU2 showed the highest degree of remineralization, followed by CPP-ACFP, SAP P<jats:sub>11<\/jats:sub>-4 and IU1.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold>: The self-assembling peptides have a significant level of infiltration and potential for remineralization of artificial carious lesions in permanent teeth. The combination of SAP with fluoride has an additive effect.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3897\/folmed.67.e151396","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T13:31:34Z","timestamp":1748871094000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Infiltration level of CPP-ACFP (MI Varnish\u2122), self-assembling peptide P11-4 (Curodont\u2122 Repair), and newly synthesized fluorinated self-assembling peptides in artificial enamel initial carious lesions on smooth surfaces assessed by laser confocal microscopy \u2013 an in vitro study"],"prefix":"10.3897","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8356-6012","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Irina","family":"Uzunova-Raycheva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8165-9955","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tanya","family":"Nihtyanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6417-5681","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ralitsa","family":"Raycheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dancho","family":"Danalev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Petya","family":"Romanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9625-8684","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ani","family":"Belcheva-Krivorova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2258","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"151396_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1. Al-Baso A, Al-Naimi R. Biomimetic enamel remineralization: a comparative in vitro study of self-assembling peptide, fluoride varnish, and their combination at different times by surface roughness test. Al-Rafidain Dental Journal 2022; 22(2):255\u201364.","DOI":"10.33899\/rdenj.2022.130558.1111"},{"key":"151396_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2. Watson T. Applications of confocal scanning optical microscopy to dentistry. Br Dent J. 1991;171:287\u201391.","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.4807695"},{"key":"151396_B3","unstructured":"3. Savas S, Kucukyilmaz E, Celik E. Effects of remineralization agents on artificial carious lesions. Pediatr Dent 2016; 38(7):511\u20138."},{"key":"151396_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4. Gonz\u00e1lez-Cabezas C, Fontana M, Dunipace AJ, et al. Measurement of enamel remineralization using microradiography and confocal microscopy: a correlational study. Caries Res 1998; 32(5):385\u201392.","DOI":"10.1159\/000016475"},{"key":"151396_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. Kale YJ, Misal S, Dadpe MV, et al. Comparison of cariostatic and remineralizing potential of two commercial silver diamine fluoride preparations using confocal laser microscopy and EDX-SEM spectroscopy: an in vitro study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dentistry 2022; 15(6):643\u201351.","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10005-2454"},{"key":"151396_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Wierichs RJ, Kogel J, Lausch J, et al. Effects of self-assembling peptide P11-4, fluorides, and caries infiltration on artificial enamel caries lesions in vitro. Caries Res 2017; 51(5):451\u20139.","DOI":"10.1159\/000477215"},{"key":"151396_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7. Schmidlin P, Zobrist K, Attin T, et al. In vitro re-hardening of artificial enamel caries lesions using enamel matrix proteins or self-assembling peptides. J Applied Oral Sci 2016; 24(1):31\u20136.","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-775720150352"},{"key":"151396_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8. Kale YJ, Misal S, Dadpe M, et al. Comparative evaluation of cariostatic and remineralizing potential of two commercial silver diamine fluoride preparations using confocal laser microscopy and EDX-SEM spectroscopy: an in vitro study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2022; 15(4):442\u20139.","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10005-2423"},{"key":"151396_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. Chellapandian K, Reddy TVK, Sihivahanan D, et al. Comparative efficacy of resin infiltrant and two remineralizing agents on demineralized enamel: an in vitro study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2020; 21(7):792\u20137.","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-2824"},{"key":"151396_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. Chokshi K, Chokshi A, Konde S, et al. An in vitro comparative evaluation of three remineralizing agents using confocal microscopy. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10(6): ZC39\u201342.","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2016\/18191.7984"},{"key":"151396_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. Singh AK, Bhol S, Singh NK, et al. Assessment of remineralization capacity of various remineralizing agents on artificial enamel lesions using confocal laser scanning microscope: an in vitro study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2021; 22(3):237\u201341.","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-3006"},{"key":"151396_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12. Premnath P, John J, Manchery N, et al. Effectiveness of theobromine on enamel remineralization: a comparative in-vitro study. Cureus 2019; 11(9):5\u201311.","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.5686"},{"key":"151396_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13. Goel T, Singhal A, Singh I, et al. Evaluation and comparison of self-applied remineralizing agents using confocal microscopy: An in vitro study. 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