{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T20:38:45Z","timestamp":1775680725149,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Pensoft Publishers","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Introduction<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Malaria is a significant global health problem, predominantly affecting the tropical regions.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Aim<\/jats:bold>\n                    : This study aims to analyze trends in imported and non-travel-related malaria cases reported in European countries from 2013 to 2022.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Materials and methods<\/jats:bold>\n                    : A retrospective analysis was performed based on the Malaria Annual Epidemiological Reports of European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), supplemented with information from regional parasitological reports and relevant scientific publications.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Over the past decade, more than 70,000 cases of malaria have been reported in Europe with an average notification rate of 1.011 per 100,000 population. The highest incidence (8,662) registered in 2019 and the lowest (2,480) in 2020 reflect travel restrictions imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most cases (99.81%) are classified as imported. Among non-travel-related cases, local transmission is confirmed in 45.19%, 17.31% are hospital-acquired infections, 15.38% are classified as airport malaria, and 18.27% remained cryptic.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Malaria remains a significant health risk in Europe due to persistent patterns of travelling and increasing immigration. The possibility and actuality of non-travel-related distribution should increase the vigilance of medical professionals against this severe, life-threatening disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3897\/folmed.67.e152506","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T13:27:12Z","timestamp":1755178032000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Imported and non-travel related cases of malaria in Europe \u2013 a ten-year analytic retrospective review"],"prefix":"10.3897","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Ravishtaashini","family":"Vanitha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Franziska","family":"Abelein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2685-7355","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kalina P.","family":"Stoyanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2258","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"152506_B1","unstructured":"1. World Health Organization (WHO). World malaria report 2023 [internet]. Geneva: WHO; 2023. ISBN 978-92-4-008618-0. Available from: http:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/global-malaria-programme\/reports\/world-malaria-report-2023"},{"key":"152506_B2","unstructured":"2. World Health Organization (WHO). WHO malaria terminology, 2021 update [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; 2021. ISBN 9789240038400. Available from: http:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240038400"},{"key":"152506_B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2016.04.023"},{"key":"152506_B4","unstructured":"4. Rietveld A, Kurdova-Mintcheva R. Eliminating malaria: Learning from the past, looking ahead. WHO, Geneva; 2011. ISBN 9789241502504"},{"key":"152506_B5","unstructured":"5. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Surveillance and disease data for malaria [Internet]. Stockholm: ECDC; 2025. Available from: http:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/malaria\/surveillance-and-disease-data"},{"key":"152506_B6","unstructured":"6. ECDC. Surveillance Atlas of Infectious Diseases [Internet]. atlas.ecdc.europa.eu. Stockholm: ECDC; 2025. Available from: http:\/\/atlas.ecdc.europa.eu\/public\/index.aspx"},{"key":"152506_B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taac083"},{"key":"152506_B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad061"},{"key":"152506_B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-1025-y"},{"key":"152506_B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5272\/jimab.2021Supplement1"},{"key":"152506_B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.16.2100724"},{"key":"152506_B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.58395\/pipd.v50i2.93"},{"key":"152506_B13","unstructured":"13. Baymakova M, Galev A, Dimova Y, et al. [Plasmodium falciparum infection during of COVID-19 pandemic]. Preventive Med 2021; 9(2):6\u20139 [Bulgarian]."},{"key":"152506_B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102400"},{"key":"152506_B15","unstructured":"15. National Public Health Organisation (NPHO). Annual epidemiological surveillance report. Malaria in Greece 2023. NPHO; 2024. Available from: http:\/\/eody.gov.gr\/en\/disease\/malaria\/."},{"key":"152506_B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2509.190445"},{"key":"152506_B17","unstructured":"17. ECDC. Multiple reports of locally-acquired malaria infections in the EU \u2013 20 September 2017. [Internet]. Stockholm: ECDC; 2017. Available from: http:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/publications-data\/rapid-risk-assessment-multiple-reports-locally-acquired-malaria-infections-eu"},{"key":"152506_B18","unstructured":"18. ECDC. Hospital-acquired malaria infections in the European Union \u2013 30 April 2018. [Internet]. Stockholm: ECDC 2018. Available from: http:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/publications-data\/rapid-risk-assessment-hospital-acquired-malaria-infections-european-union"},{"key":"152506_B19","unstructured":"19. Bulgarian Ministry of Health (BMoH). [Health status of citizens \u2013 annual report for 2016]. [Internet] Sofia; BMoH; 2017; Part 1:61. [Bulgarian]. Available from: http:\/\/www.mh.government.bg\/bg\/politiki\/godishen-doklad-za-zdraveto\/."},{"key":"152506_B20","unstructured":"20. Sciensano. Primary Risk Assessment: Autochthonous Malaria Case in Steenokkerzeel. [Internet]. Brussels; 2022. 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