{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T23:09:58Z","timestamp":1784156998207,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Pensoft Publishers","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Thyroid dysfunction is typically associated with systemic metabolic disturbances and may also present as thyroid myopathy. Understanding this relationship is crucial for recognizing its clinical manifestations and guiding appropriate management. This report describes the case of a 29-year-old male who presented with unusual swelling in his right leg along with persistent stiffness in his calf muscles. Physical examination revealed striking diffuse pseudo-hypertrophy of the calf muscles, accompanied by a positive Gowers\u2019 sign, indicating underlying muscular weakness. Laboratory investigations confirmed classic features of hypothyroidism, including markedly low triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels, elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and increased muscle enzyme levels. Remarkably, following the initiation of levothyroxine therapy, the patient exhibited a dramatic and progressive improvement in symptoms. The clinical picture was consistent with Hoffman syndrome, a rare manifestation of hypothyroid myopathy marked by visibly enlarged calf muscles and progressive muscle weakness. This rapid response underscores the importance of early diagnosis and timely treatment, which can lead to a full recovery even in cases with such rare presentations. Overall, this case serves as a reminder that thyroid disorders may occasionally manifest in unexpected ways, and with prompt intervention, patients can achieve significant clinical improvement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3897\/folmed.67.e153006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T07:48:56Z","timestamp":1761724136000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Hoffmann Syndrome: A rare presentation of hypothyroid myopathy"],"prefix":"10.3897","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8445-6770","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Saira","family":"Bano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pakistan Navy Station Shifa Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2145-0866","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Syed Onaiz","family":"Anwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pakistan Navy Station Shifa Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0096-6365","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shumaila","family":"Ambreen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pakistan Navy Station Shifa Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4888-6109","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mahwish","family":"Bizanjo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pakistan Navy Station Shifa Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8026-422X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sadia","family":"Rehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bahria University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1298-6743","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shaikh Muhammad Owais","family":"Saeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pakistan Navy Station Shifa Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan"},{"name":"Bahria University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2258","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"153006_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jmwh.13358"},{"key":"153006_B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-019-01080-8"},{"key":"153006_B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nrleng.2022.01.005"},{"key":"153006_B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-023-04184-6"},{"key":"153006_B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s0004-282x2003000500027"},{"key":"153006_B6","unstructured":"6. Qureshi W, Hassan G, Khan GQ, et al. Hoffmann\u2019s syndrome: a case report. Ger Med Sci 2005; 3:Doc05. PMID: 19675722; PMCID: PMC2703243."},{"key":"153006_B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2022-252795"}],"container-title":["Folia Medica"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/foliamedica.bg\/article\/153006\/download\/pdf\/","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/foliamedica.bg\/article\/153006\/download\/xml\/","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/foliamedica.bg\/article_preview.php?id=153006&skip_redirect=1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T07:48:58Z","timestamp":1761724138000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/foliamedica.bg\/article\/153006\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3897\/folmed.67.e153006","relation":{},"ISSN":["1314-2143","0204-8043"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1314-2143","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0204-8043","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]},"article-number":"e153006"}}