{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T08:38:21Z","timestamp":1761640701602,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Pensoft Publishers","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Introduction<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Rupture of the free ventricular wall is a rare and catastrophic complication of acute myocardial infarction (AMI).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Aim<\/jats:bold>\n                    : The aim of this study was to present our experience in treating post-infarction ventricular free wall rupture by analyzing the relationship between preoperative risk factors and patient survival, and by comparing our perioperative outcomes with those reported in the scientific literature.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Materials and methods<\/jats:bold>\n                    : We conducted a retrospective analysis of data from 12 patients who underwent emergency surgery for ventricular free-wall rupture as a result of AMI. The study was conducted in the cardiac surgery department at Saint Anna University Hospital in Sofia from October 2014 to February 2025. Patients were categorized into two groups based on survival: group 1, survivors (nine patients); and group 2, non-survivors (three patients).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Significantly higher levels of creatine phosphokinase were observed in the non-survivor group (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    =0.021). Cardiogenic shock prior to entering the operating room was documented in 75% of patients; however, data do not demonstrate a correlation with survival. Preoperative controlled pericardiocentesis was required in 25% of cases to alleviate pericardial tamponade and allow time for life-saving surgery. Again, no significant correlation with survival was observed. The in-hospital mortality rate was 25%.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Immediate surgical repair of the ventricular wall has a fundamental role in the therapeutic approach. The choice of surgical technique remains individualized based on the specific patient, with no significant correlation to survival. Creatine phosphokinase levels may serve as a predictor of survival, but further studies are required to confirm this trend.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3897\/folmed.67.e154872","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T08:29:38Z","timestamp":1761640178000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Survival rates associated with surgical repair of ventricular free-wall rupture after acute myocardial infarction. Single-center experience"],"prefix":"10.3897","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7989-7425","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Georgi","family":"Stoitsev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"St Anna University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denitsa","family":"Gavrilova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sofia University St Kliment Ohridski, Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1162-7410","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vassil","family":"Gegouskov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University of Pleven, Pleven, Bulgaria"},{"name":"St Anna University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2258","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"154872_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.53347\/rID-39767"},{"key":"154872_B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2019.04.039"},{"key":"154872_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3. Reardon MJ, Carr CL, Diamond A, et al. Ischemic left ventricular free wall rupture: prediction, diagnosis, and treatment. Ann Thorac Surg 1997; 64(5):1509\u201313.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(97)00776-5"},{"key":"154872_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4. Nasir A, Gouda M, Khan A, et al. Is it ever possible to treat left ventricular free wall rupture conservatively? Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2014; 19(3):488\u201393.","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivu140"},{"key":"154872_B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.109.2.565"},{"key":"154872_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Terashima M, Fujiwara S, Yaginuma GY, et al. Outcome of percutaneous intrapericardial fibrin-glue injection therapy for left ventricular free wall rupture secondary to acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 2008; 101(3):419\u201321.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.086"},{"key":"154872_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7. Montegut FJ Jr. Left ventricular rupture secondary to myocardial infarction. Ann Thorac Surg 1972; 14(1):75\u20138.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)65202-2"},{"key":"154872_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8. Calick A, Kerth W, Barbour D, et al. Successful surgical therapy of ruptured myocardium. Chest 1974; 66(2):188.","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.66.2.188"},{"key":"154872_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. N\u00fa\u00f1ez L, De la Llana R, L\u00f3pez Send\u00f3n J, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of subacute free wall ventricular rupture after infarction. Ann Thorac Surg 1983; 35(4):525\u20139.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)60426-2"},{"key":"154872_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. Padr\u00f3 JM, Mesa JM, Silvestre J, et al. Subacute cardiac rupture: repair with a sutureless technique. Ann Thorac Surg 1993; 55(1):20\u20133.","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(93)90468-W"},{"key":"154872_B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2020.11.019"},{"key":"154872_B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2019.01.124"},{"key":"154872_B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezx271"},{"key":"154872_B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20452\/pamw.14976"},{"key":"154872_B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319711422536"},{"key":"154872_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16. Yip HK, Wu CJ, Chang HW, et al. Cardiac rupture complicating acute myocardial infarction in the direct percutaneous coronary intervention reperfusion era. Chest 2003; 124(3):565\u201371.","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.124.2.565"},{"key":"154872_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17. Honda S, Asaumi Y, Yamane T, et al. Trends in the clinical and pathological characteristics of cardiac rupture in patients with acute myocardial infarction over 35 years. J Am Heart Assoc 2014; 3(6):e000984.","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.114.000984"},{"key":"154872_B18","unstructured":"18. Mahilmaran A, Nayar PG, Sheshadri M, et al. Left ventricular pseudoaneurysm caused by coronary spasm, myocardial infarction, and myocardial rupture. Tex Heart Inst J 2002; 29(2):122\u20135."},{"key":"154872_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19. Lancellotti P, Price S, Edvardsen T, et al. The use of echocardiography in acute cardiovascular care: Recommendations of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging and the Acute Cardiovascular Care Association. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care 2015; 4(1):3\u20135.","DOI":"10.1177\/2048872614568073"},{"key":"154872_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20. Porto AG, McAlindon E, Ascione R, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging-based management of silent cardiac rupture. 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