{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T09:21:12Z","timestamp":1766049672510,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Pensoft Publishers","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    \ufeff\n                    <jats:bold>Abstract<\/jats:bold>\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Introduction<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Tooth enamel has a high specific electrical resistance due to its mineral-rich composition. The decreased electrical resistance is associated with the low mineral content of the enamel tissue and can be used as a method for early diagnosis of incipient caries. This indicates compromised enamel protection in the absence of clinically evident enamel damage, permitting reactions to irritants without direct dentin exposure.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Aim<\/jats:bold>\n                    : The study aims to investigate the relationship between reduced enamel electrical resistance measured using the CarieScanPro device and the presence of tooth hypersensitivity and varying levels of caries risk.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Materials and methods<\/jats:bold>\n                    : The study involved a total of 60 patients ranging in age from 25 to 45 years, who were categorized into two distinct groups based on their caries risk and the presence or absence of tooth hypersensitivity. The risk of developing dental caries was assessed using an American Dental Association (ADA) questionnaire. This questionnaire was translated and validated in Bulgarian. A total of twenty teeth were examined for each patient, with the teeth being categorized into four groups based on their location within the oral cavity: the first group consisted of the upper central incisors, the second group consisted of the upper lateral incisors, the third group consisted of the lower central incisors, and the fourth group consisted of the lower lateral incisors. The electrical resistance of the enamel on the vestibular cervical surface was measured on each tooth. To this end, a CarieScanPro device was utilized, which shows the result as both a numerical value and a letter on a display.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    : A statistically significant difference in the value of electrical resistance was found between patients with and without tooth hypersensitivity, but there is no such difference in patients with different degrees of caries risk.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Tooth hypersensitivity is significantly associated with a higher prevalence of teeth with reduced electrical resistance, regardless of caries risk level.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3897\/folmed.67.e158421","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T09:18:23Z","timestamp":1766049503000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of tooth hypersensitivity and caries risk on enamel electrical resistance values"],"prefix":"10.3897","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0493-7098","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maria Stoyanova","family":"Manolova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7822-2752","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Neshka Atanasova","family":"Manchorova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donka","family":"Keskinova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paisiy Hilendarski University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veselina Ivanova","family":"Todorova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1945-2499","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lyubomir Stefanov","family":"Vangelov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Desislava Krasteva","family":"Petkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2258","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"158421_B1","unstructured":"1. Akhter MN, Hussain SS, Riaz N, et al. Using technological diagnostic tools to find early caries: a systematic review. Dinkum J Med Innov 2023; 2(7):271\u201383."},{"key":"158421_B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.105847"},{"key":"158421_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3. Buzalaf MA, Hannas AR, Kato MT. Saliva and dental erosion. J Appl Oral Sci 2012; 20(5):493\u2013502.","DOI":"10.1590\/S1678-77572012000500001"},{"key":"158421_B4","unstructured":"4. Cartwright RB. Dentinal hypersensitivity: a narrative review. Community Dent Health 2014; 31(1):15\u201320."},{"key":"158421_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. Cunha-Cruz J, Wataha JC, Heaton LJ, et al. The prevalence of dentin hypersensitivity in general dental practices in the Northwest United States. J Am Dent Assoc 2013; 144(3):288\u201396.","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2013.0116"},{"key":"158421_B6","unstructured":"6. Davari A, Ataei E, Assarzadeh H. Dentin hypersensitivity: etiology, diagnosis and treatment. J Dent (Shiraz). 2013;14(3):136\u201345."},{"key":"158421_B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.74908"},{"key":"158421_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8. Featherstone JDB, Crystal YO, Alston P, et al. A comparison of four caries risk assessment methods. Front Oral Health 2021; 2:656558.","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2021.656558"},{"key":"158421_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. Ferreira RI, Haiter-Neto F, Tabchoury CP, et al. In vitro induction of enamel subsurface demineralization for evaluation of diagnostic imaging methods. J Appl Oral Sci 2007; 15(5):392\u20138.","DOI":"10.1590\/S1678-77572007000500004"},{"key":"158421_B10","unstructured":"10. Ivanova Z. [Dental hyperesthesia: clinic, diagnosis and treatment] (PhD thesis). Sofia: Medical University; 1980 [Bulgarian]."},{"key":"158421_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. Lubarsky GV, D\u2019Sa RA, Deb S, et al. The role of enamel proteins in protecting mature human enamel against acidic environments: a double layer force spectroscopy study. Biointerphases 2012; 7(1-4):14.","DOI":"10.1007\/s13758-011-0014-6"},{"key":"158421_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12. Miglani S, Aggarwal V, Ahuja B. Dentin hypersensitivity: recent trends in management. J Conserv Dent 2010; 13(4):218\u201324.","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-0707.73385"},{"key":"158421_B13","unstructured":"13. Pireddu M. [Impedance spectroscopy for the assessment of demineralized tooth lesions] (Doctoral dissertation) Politecnico di Torino. 2023 [Italian]."},{"key":"158421_B14","unstructured":"14. Pitts N. How electrical caries detection and monitoring with CarieScan can help deliver modern caries management. Oral Health 2010; 1:1\u201310."},{"key":"158421_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15. Roberts WE, Mangum JE, Simmons PS. Pathophysiology of demineralization, part I: attrition, erosion, abfraction, and noncarious cervical lesions. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2022; 20(1):90\u2013105.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-022-00722-1"},{"key":"158421_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16. Sachelarie L, Romanul I, Domocos D, et al. Innovative approaches in dental care: electrical impedance analysis (EIA) for early caries detection. Bioengineering 2025; 12(3):215.","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering12030215"},{"key":"158421_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17. Tranaeus S, Shi XQ, Angmar-M\u00e5nsson B. Caries risk assessment: methods available to clinicians for caries detection. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2005; 33(4):265\u201373.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.2005.00234.x"},{"key":"158421_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18. Zukanovi\u0107 A. Caries risk assessment models in caries prediction. 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