{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T20:41:51Z","timestamp":1791837711303,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Pensoft Publishers","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Aim<\/jats:bold>\n                    : This study evaluated\n                    <jats:italic>Glycyrrhiza glabra<\/jats:italic>\n                    (licorice) supplementation\u2019s therapeutic efficacy in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) by assessing its impact on clinical and biochemical parameters, including metabolic and inflammatory markers.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Materials and methods<\/jats:bold>\n                    : This randomized clinical trial evaluated Diane-35 plus crude licorice extract for improving symptoms in PCOS. Seventy five participants were randomly assigned to three groups: Diane-35 monotherapy (n=25), Diane-35-plus-licorice (450 mg twice daily; n=25), and health controls (n=25). Treatment lasted three months, with biochemical and clinical parameters assessed before and after therapy to determine therapeutic efficacy.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Before treatment, PCOS patients showed higher body mass index (BMI;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    =0.004), insulin resistance (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt;0.001), fasting insulin, glucose, total cholesterol, and LDL (all\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt;0.001), with lower HDL. Furthermore, HbA1c was slightly reduced (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    =0.012). IL-1\u03b2 and TNF-\u03b1 were elevated (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt;0.001), while total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was unchanged. In the post-treatment, BMI was similar between the Diane-35 and Diane-35-plus-licorice group (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    =0.07). The Diane-35-plus-licorice group showed greater reductions in insulin resistance, fasting insulin, total cholesterol, and IL-1\u03b2, with increased HDL and TAC, while TNF-\u03b1 and LDL showed minimal change.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Licorice improved metabolic and inflammatory markers in PCOS, reducing insulin, HOMA-IR, glucose, lipids, IL-1\u03b2, and TNF-\u03b1, supporting its potential as adjunctive PCOS therapy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3897\/folmed.68.e165953","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T10:05:09Z","timestamp":1772013909000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Therapeutic potential of Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) in modulating metabolic and inflammatory parameters in women with PCOS"],"prefix":"10.3897","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Sabreen S. Salman","family":"Al Anei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of medicine, ALNahrian University, Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed R.","family":"Abu Raghif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of medicine, ALNahrian University, Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hala A.","family":"Almoayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetric and gynecology, College of medicine, ALNahrian University, Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2258","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"165953_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Munro MG, Balen AH, Cho S, et al. The FIGO ovulatory disorders classification system. Hum Reprod 2022; 37(10):2446\u201364.","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deac180"},{"key":"165953_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Greenwood EA, Huddleston HG. Insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome: concept versus cutoff. Fertil Steril 2019; 112(5):827\u20138.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.08.100"},{"key":"165953_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petrakis D, Vassilopoulou L, Mamoulakis C, et al. Endocrine disruptors leading to obesity and related diseases. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017; 14(10):1282.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14101282"},{"key":"165953_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shang Y, Zhou H, Hu M, et al. Effect of diet on insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105(10):3346\u201360.","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa425"},{"key":"165953_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dabadghao P. Polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 33(3):101272.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.04.006"},{"key":"165953_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosenfield RL, Ehrmann DA. The pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): the hypothesis of PCOS as functional ovarian hyperandrogenism revisited. Endocr Rev 2016; 37(5):467\u2013520.","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2015-1104"},{"key":"165953_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu H, Meng X, Wang J, et al. Serum amyloid A in polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 518:151\u20135.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2021.03.027"},{"key":"165953_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rotterdam ESHRE\/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS Consensus Workshop Group. Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Hum Reprod 2004; 19(1):41\u20137.","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh098"},{"key":"165953_B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36295\/ASRO.2021.24222"},{"key":"165953_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bajaj S, Gopal N, Clingan MJ, et al. A pictorial review of ultrasonography of the FIGO classification for uterine leiomyomas. Abdom Radiol 2022; 47(1):341-51","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-021-03283-6"},{"key":"165953_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manouchehri A, Abbaszadeh S, Ahmadi M, et al. Polycystic ovaries and herbal remedies: A systematic review. JBRA Assist Reprod 2023; 27(1):85.","DOI":"10.5935\/1518-0557.20220024"},{"key":"165953_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pastorino G, Cornara L, Soares S, et al. Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra): A phytochemical and pharmacological review. Phytother Res 2018; 32(12):2323\u201339.","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6178"},{"key":"165953_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiaoying W, Han Z, Yu W. Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice): ethnobotany and health benefits. In: Sustained Energy for Enhanced Human Functions and Activity. Academic Press; 2017; 231\u201350.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-805413-0.00014-4"},{"key":"165953_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mamedov NA, Egamberdieva D. Phytochemical constituents and pharmacological effects of licorice: a review. Plant Hum Health 2019; 3:1\u201321.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-04408-4_1"},{"key":"165953_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wahab S, Annadurai S, Abullais SS, et al. Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice): A comprehensive review on its phytochemistry, biological activities, clinical evidence and toxicology. Plants 2021; 10(12):2751.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10122751"},{"key":"165953_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teede HJ, Misso ML, Costello MF, et al. Recommendations from the international evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome. 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Changes of insulin resistance and adipokines following supplementation with Glycyrrhiza glabra L. extract in combination with a low\u2011calorie diet in overweight and obese subjects: a randomized double\u2011blind clinical trial. Adv Pharm Bull 2018; 8(1):123\u201330.","DOI":"10.15171\/apb.2018.015"},{"key":"165953_B27","unstructured":"Zhang Q, Ren J, Wang F, et al. Glycyrrhizin ameliorates impaired glucose metabolism and ovarian dysfunction in a polycystic ovary syndrome mouse model. Reprod Fertil Dev 2023; 35(7):e497\u2013e505."},{"key":"165953_B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231910988"},{"key":"165953_B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.03.026"},{"key":"165953_B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmy045"},{"key":"165953_B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2017.05.001"},{"key":"165953_B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.05.027"},{"key":"165953_B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2021.104638"},{"key":"165953_B34","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez F, Rote NS, Minium J, et al. Increased activation of nuclear factor \u03baB triggers inflammation and insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome. 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Oxidative stress and energy metabolism abnormalities in polycystic ovary syndrome: from mechanisms to therapeutic strategies. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2024; 22:159.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-024-01337-0"},{"key":"165953_B40","unstructured":"Mancini\n           F, Raimondo S, Persano M, et al. Oxidative stress and inflammation in PCOS: pathophysiology and therapeutic implications. Biomedicines 2021;9(10):1326."},{"key":"165953_B41","unstructured":"Wang J, Liu Z, Yu L, et al. Glycyrrhiza glabra extract ameliorates ovarian dysfunction and oxidative stress in a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 283:114704."},{"key":"165953_B42","unstructured":"Kalantari-Hesari A, Rezaei M, Nazari M, et al. Histological enhancements in ovarian tissue subsequent to licorice treatment: potential role in mitigating oxidative damage. Journal Name. 2020; Volume(Issue):Page numbers. Incomplete citation"},{"key":"165953_B43","unstructured":"Dubey P, Mishra A, Singh H, et al. 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