{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T03:09:08Z","timestamp":1777432148996,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Pensoft Publishers","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Introduction<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Nasopharyngeal cancer is the most common head-and-neck cancer in Indonesia. It occurs in the mucosal epithelium of the nasopharyngeal region. This study aimed to evaluate the role of gene expression in the occurrence of synchronous bone metastasis in nasopharyngeal cancer.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Materials and methods<\/jats:bold>\n                    : This was a cross-sectional study of patients with nasopharyngeal cancer conducted at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, from 2018 to 2023. Gene expression differences were assessed using NanoString technology, with genetic material extracted from paraffin-embedded tissue samples. The analysis used a fold-change value of 1.5 to \u22121.5 and an adjusted\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    -value (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    -adj) of &amp;lt;0.05.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Ninety-five patients with nasopharyngeal cancer were included in the study. Most were male and the most common sites of bone metastasis were the vertebrae (70.2%), ribs and sternum (57.4%), and pelvis (27.7%). Most bone metastases were characterized by 2\u20135 lesions and were predominantly osteoblastic (71.4%). The\n                    <jats:italic>CXCL8<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene was downregulated to 0.29 (0.16\u20130.54,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    -adj=0.009), while the\n                    <jats:italic>CXCR4<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene was upregulated to 1.45 (1.16\u20131.82,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    -adj=0.049), in the group with bone metastasis compared to the group without metastasis. Among patients with only bone metastasis, the\n                    <jats:italic>CXCR4<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene showed a further increase in expression levels, up to 1.61 (1.25\u20132.07,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    -adj=0.02).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>\n                    : The results of this study showed that out of the 80 genes, 2 genes play a role in primary bone metastasis. In the group with bone-involvement metastasis,\n                    <jats:italic>CXCR4<\/jats:italic>\n                    was upregulated and\n                    <jats:italic>CXCL8<\/jats:italic>\n                    was downregulated. In the bone-only metastasis group, only the\n                    <jats:italic>CXCR4<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene was found to be upregulated.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3897\/folmed.68.e168480","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:46:30Z","timestamp":1777376790000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["CXCL8 and CXCR4 expression in synchronous bone metastasis in nasopharyngeal cancer"],"prefix":"10.3897","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6637-1769","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rahmat","family":"Cahyanur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Medical Oncology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia\u2014Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cosphiadi","family":"Irawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Medical Oncology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia\u2014Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisnawati","family":"Rachmadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia\u2014Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marlinda","family":"Adham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia\u2014Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Achmad Fauzi","family":"Kamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia\u2014Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmad Rusdan","family":"Handoyo Utomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yarsi University, Jakarta, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mardiah Suci","family":"Hardianti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thariqah","family":"Salamah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia\u2014Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muchtaruddin","family":"Mansyur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia\u2014Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2258","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"168480_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akervall J, Kurnit DM, Adams M, et al. 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