{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T13:03:31Z","timestamp":1775221411194,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Pensoft Publishers","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Introduction<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Degenerative disc disease (DDD) and lumbar facet joint pathology are leading causes of chronic back pain, predominantly affecting older adults due to cumulative spinal degeneration. Lumbar spondylosis, a key manifestation of DDD, contributes to mechanical instability, radiculopathy, and neurogenic claudication, significantly impairing mobility and quality of life.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Aim<\/jats:bold>\n                    : To investigate the efficacy of posterior lumbar interbody fusion with hydroxyapatite cages in improving functional outcomes and spinal stability in degenerative disc disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Materials and methods<\/jats:bold>\n                    : A retrospective review of 57 patients (mean age: 42.29\u00b111.26 years; 75% male) undergoing posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) for single- or two-level lumbar DDD with \u226516.76 months follow-up was conducted. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMQ) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), while radiographic parameters included intervertebral disc height and fusion stability.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Postoperative analysis showed a disc height increase (16.69 to 35.59), significant RMQ improvement (14.76 to 3.76), and ODI reduction (50.47% to 16.74%), reflecting a 34% disability improvement.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Minimally invasive PLIF with hydroxyapatite cages effectively restores spinal height, enhances stability, and improves functional outcomes, presenting a viable alternative to traditional fusion techniques.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3897\/folmed.68.e170420","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T12:07:10Z","timestamp":1775218030000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Posterior self-expanding stand-alone cage: outcomes in degenerative disc disease"],"prefix":"10.3897","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Nia Atanasova","family":"Gecheva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinics of Pediatric Orthopedics, Prof. B. Boychev University Hospital of Orthopedics, Sofia, Bulgaria"},{"name":"Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Petar Lyubomirov","family":"Ilkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Prof. B. Boychev University Hospital of Orthopedics, Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Konstantin Alexandrov","family":"Uzunov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University Multiprofile Hospital for Active Treatment and Emergency Medicine NI Pirogov, Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2258","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"170420_B1","unstructured":"Donnally CJ 3rd, Hanna A, Varacallo MA. Lumbar degenerative disk disease. 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