{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T15:03:23Z","timestamp":1781708603884,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Pensoft Publishers","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Abstract<\/jats:bold>\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Introduction<\/jats:bold>\n                    : It is mandatory to perform meticulous hygienic disinfection of dentists\u2019 hands. Dental personnel unintentionally transfer microorganisms from the patient\u2019s mouth to adjacent surfaces, and vice versa.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Aim<\/jats:bold>\n                    : The aim of the present study was to determine the presence of resident and transient skin microbiota on the hands of dentists after performing hygienic hand disinfection.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Materials and methods<\/jats:bold>\n                    : A prospective epidemiological and microbiological study was conducted among 60 dentists in Plovdiv from May to June 2025. A short survey was also administered to assess basic knowledge of hygienic hand disinfection. After hand disinfection with alcohol-containing antiseptic, samples were collected with a dry sterile swab before donning gloves and manipulating the specimen.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Coagulase-negative staphylococci in microbial counts below 10\n                    <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                    colony-forming units (CFU) were detected in 26% (n=16) and above 10\n                    <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                    CFU in 20% (n=12). Gram-negative enteric bacteria were cultured in microbial counts below 10\n                    <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                    CFU in 13.3% (n=8) and at 10\n                    <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                    CFU in 1.7% (n=1). Molds were also grown in 3.3% (n=2).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold>\n                    : The presence of coagulase-negative staphylococci and Gram-negative bacteria in high microbial counts raises concerns about the disinfection quality. Regular and proper disinfection significantly reduces the risk of contamination and protects both the patient and the dental staff.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3897\/folmed.68.e173454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T14:32:30Z","timestamp":1781706750000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Role of hand disinfection of dentists in interrupting cross-transmission of infections in dental practice"],"prefix":"10.3897","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Veselina","family":"Kondeva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Velina","family":"Stoeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Disaster Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yordan","family":"Kalchev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovative Diagnostic Methods, Research Institute at the Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2258","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"173454_B1","unstructured":"WHO (2009). WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care. World Health Organization. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241597906"},{"key":"173454_B2","unstructured":"CDC (2002). Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Health-Care Settings. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mmwr\/pdf\/rr\/rr5116.pdf"},{"key":"173454_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sax H, Allegranzi B, U\u00e7kay I, et al. \u2018My five moments for hand hygiene\u2019: a user-centred design approach to understand, train, monitor and report hand hygiene. Journal of Hospital Infection 2007; 67(1):9\u201321. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/17719685\/","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2007.06.004"},{"key":"173454_B4"},{"key":"173454_B5","unstructured":"ECDC (2020). Infection prevention and control and preparedness for COVID-19 in healthcare settings. Available from: https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/publications-data\/infection-prevention-and-control-and-preparedness-covid-19-healthcare-settings"},{"key":"173454_B6","unstructured":"Guidelines for Infection Control in Dental Health-Care Settings; Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)003; Available from: https:\/\/stacks.cdc.gov\/view\/cdc\/6743"},{"key":"173454_B7"},{"key":"173454_B8","unstructured":"Order No. 3 of May 8, 2013, on the approval of a medical standard for the prevention and control of nosocomial infections. Available from: https:\/\/lex,bg\/laws\/ldoc\/2135853197"},{"key":"173454_B9","unstructured":"WHO (2022) World Hand Hygiene Day 2023. Available from https:\/\/www.who.int\/campaigns\/world-hand-hygiene-day\/2023"},{"key":"173454_B10"},{"key":"173454_B11"},{"key":"173454_B12"},{"key":"173454_B13"},{"key":"173454_B14"},{"key":"173454_B15"},{"key":"173454_B16"},{"key":"173454_B17"},{"key":"173454_B18"},{"key":"173454_B19","unstructured":"Naeem A, Saluja SA, Krishna D, et al. Contamination of dentist\u2019s hands with and without finger rings. J Int Oral Health 2015; 7(8):114\u20137. PMID: 26464552; PMCID: PMC4588775."},{"key":"173454_B20"},{"key":"173454_B21"}],"container-title":["Folia Medica"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/foliamedica.bg\/article\/173454\/download\/pdf\/","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/foliamedica.bg\/article\/173454\/download\/xml\/","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/foliamedica.bg\/article_preview.php?id=173454&skip_redirect=1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T14:32:49Z","timestamp":1781706769000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/foliamedica.bg\/article\/173454\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3897\/folmed.68.e173454","relation":{},"ISSN":["1314-2143","0204-8043"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1314-2143","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0204-8043","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]},"article-number":"e173454"}}