{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T12:46:43Z","timestamp":1782823603587,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Pensoft Publishers","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Prevention of occlusal caries has been a longstanding challenge in dentistry, evolving appropriately from invasive mechanical techniques toward increasingly adhesive and bioactive strategies. Early attempts, such as the application of silver nitrate and preventive restorations, were limited by questionable efficacy and unnecessary removal of sound tooth structure. The advent of adhesive dentistry and the acid-etching technique enabled the development of resin-based sealants, providing a minimally invasive and effective method for fissure protection. Over time, sealant materials have evolved through four generations, introducing improved polymerization mechanisms, fillers, and fluoride release to enhance wear resistance, retention, and antibacterial properties.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>However, conventional glass ionomer cements (GICs) demonstrate lower mechanical strength and retention compared to resin-based sealants. Subsequently, resin-modified GICs were developed to address these shortcomings while maintaining fluoride release. More recently, hybrid materials such as compomers and giomers have combined the advantages of composites and GICs, offering improved adhesion, esthetics, and release of bioactive ions\u2014although their fluoride release remains lower than that of conventional GICs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Overall, the evolution of pit and fissure sealants reflects a transition from invasive preventive approaches to minimally invasive, bioactive, and fluoride-releasing materials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3897\/folmed.68.e177275","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T12:06:35Z","timestamp":1782821195000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Contemporary materials for the prevention of occlusal carious lesions"],"prefix":"10.3897","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Nedana E.","family":"Georgieva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2258","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"177275_B1"},{"key":"177275_B2","unstructured":"Ahovuo-Saloranta A, Forss H, Hiiri A, et al. Pit and fissure sealants for preventing dental decay in permanent teeth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021;7:CD001830."},{"key":"177275_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dobrzy\u0144ski M, Olszewska K, Jurczak A. Evaluation of factors affecting fluoride release from dental sealants: A systematic review. Materials (Basel) 2025;18(23):5350.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma18235350"},{"key":"177275_B4","unstructured":"Gugnani N, Gugnani S, Sharma S. Clinical evaluation of the retention of resin, glass ionomer, compomer, and giomer fissure sealants. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2024;16(Suppl 1):S415\u201321."},{"key":"177275_B5","unstructured":"Frencken JE, Wolke J. Clinical evaluation of high-viscosity glass ionomer sealants placed according to the ART approach. J Dent 2022;120:104084."},{"key":"177275_B6","unstructured":"Yengopal V, Mickenautsch S. Caries-preventive effect of glass ionomer and resin-based fissure sealants: A meta-analysis. J Oral Sci 2020;62(4):381\u20138."},{"key":"177275_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sidhu SK, Nicholson JW. A review of glass-ionomer cements for clinical dentistry. J Funct Biomater 2020;11(3):16.","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb7030016"},{"key":"177275_B8","unstructured":"Eliades G, Watts DC, Eliades T. Dental materials in vivo: Aging and related phenomena. Dent Mater 2021;37(1):1\u201313."},{"key":"177275_B9","unstructured":"Han L, Okamoto A, Fukushima M, et al. Fluoride release and recharge of giomer-based restorative materials. Dent Mater J 2021;40(5):1103\u201310."},{"key":"177275_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaverikana K, Vojjala B, Subramaniam P. Comparison of clinical efficacy of glass ionomer-based sealant using ART protocol and resin-based sealant on primary molars in children. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(6):724\u20138.","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10005-2450"},{"key":"177275_B11"},{"key":"177275_B12","unstructured":"Varun S, Aswini YB. Missed, concealed and obscured aspect of caries prevention-legacy for the future. J Dent Sci 2011;3(2):44\u20139."},{"key":"177275_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buonocore M. Adhesive sealing of pits and fissures for caries prevention, with use of ultraviolet light. J Am Dent Assoc 1970;80(2):324\u201330.","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1970.0061"},{"key":"177275_B14","unstructured":"Harris NO. Introduction to primary preventive dentistry. In: Harris NO, Garcia-Godoy F, editor. Primary preventive dentistry. 6th ed. New Jersy: Pearson Prentice; 2004. p. 1\u201322."},{"key":"177275_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shenoy A. Is it the end of the road for dental amalgam? A critical review. J Cons Dent 2008;11(3):99\u2013107.","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-0707.45247"},{"key":"177275_B16","unstructured":"Gwinnett AJ, Buonocore MG. Adhesive and caries prevention. A preliminary report. 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An evaluation of the bonding of glass-ionomer restoratives to dentine and enamel. Br Dent J 1986;161(5):179\u201384.","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.4805923"},{"key":"177275_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mej\u0430re I, Mjr IA. Glass ionomer and resin-based fissure sealants: a clinical study. Scand J Dent Res 1990;98(4):345\u201350.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0722.1990.tb00983.x"},{"key":"177275_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alves LS, Zenkner JEA, Wagner MB, et al. Eruption stage of permanent molars and occlusal caries activity\/arrest. JDR Clin Res Suppl 2014;93(7):1154\u201395.","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034514537646"},{"key":"177275_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prabhakar AR, Dahake PT, Raju OS, et al. Fluoride: is it worth to be added in pit and fissure sealants? 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