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Despite their prevalence, knowledge of their association with the\n                    <jats:italic>Orchidaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    remains limited. In this study, we investigated the diversity of endophytic fungi associated with the roots of wild orchids. Based on comprehensive morphological and multigene phylogenetic analysis (ITS, LSU,\n                    <jats:italic>tub2<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>rpb2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), 51 isolates were identified as belonging to six\n                    <jats:italic>Chaetomiaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    genera:\n                    <jats:italic>Arcopilus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Chaetomium<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Collariella<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Dichotomopilus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Humicola<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudohumicola<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Among these, 19 isolates represented ten new species, and 32 isolates were identified as belonging to 12 described species:\n                    <jats:italic>Arcopilus amazonicus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>A. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>A. cupreus<\/jats:italic>\n                    were recorded, and four new\n                    <jats:italic>Arcopilus<\/jats:italic>\n                    species were described:\n                    <jats:italic>A. abbreviatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:bold>sp. nov<\/jats:bold>\n                    .,\n                    <jats:italic>A. endophyticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:bold>sp. nov<\/jats:bold>\n                    .,\n                    <jats:italic>A. kasuyae<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:bold>sp. nov<\/jats:bold>\n                    ., and\n                    <jats:italic>A. singularis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:bold>sp. nov<\/jats:bold>\n                    ., for which a description of the asexual morph is provided, offering new insights into the morphological diversity of the genus. Five\n                    <jats:italic>Chaetomium<\/jats:italic>\n                    species were identified:\n                    <jats:italic>C. coarctatum<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>C. cochliodes<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>C. globosum<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>C. pseudocochliodes<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>C. tenue<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Furthermore,\n                    <jats:italic>Collariella fluminensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:bold>sp. nov<\/jats:bold>\n                    . and\n                    <jats:italic>Dichotomopilus brasiliensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:bold>sp. nov<\/jats:bold>\n                    . were proposed, while\n                    <jats:italic>D. variostiolatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    was reported for the first time as an orchid root endophyte. Three new species of\n                    <jats:italic>Humicola<\/jats:italic>\n                    were discovered:\n                    <jats:italic>H. capillata<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:bold>sp. nov<\/jats:bold>\n                    .,\n                    <jats:italic>H. paraisoensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:bold>sp. nov<\/jats:bold>\n                    ., and\n                    <jats:italic>H. purpurea<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:bold>sp. nov<\/jats:bold>\n                    . Furthermore,\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudohumicola crispata<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:bold>sp. nov<\/jats:bold>\n                    . is described, alongside descriptions of the sexual morph of\n                    <jats:italic>Ps. pulvericola<\/jats:italic>\n                    and the acremonium-like synanamorph of\n                    <jats:italic>Ps. cinnamomeobrunnea<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Based on morphological analyses and the genealogical concordance phylogenetic species recognition (GCPSR) we propose the synonymization of\n                    <jats:italic>A. albae<\/jats:italic>\n                    under\n                    <jats:italic>A. cupreus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>C. albiziae<\/jats:italic>\n                    under\n                    <jats:italic>C. cucumericola<\/jats:italic>\n                    . These findings significantly expand the known diversity of\n                    <jats:italic>Chaetomiaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and highlight the complex fungal communities associated with wild orchids.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3897\/imafungus.17.192047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T10:02:41Z","timestamp":1789725761000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Diversity and taxonomy of endophytic Chaetomiaceae (Sordariales) associated with roots of wild Orchidaceae in Brazil"],"prefix":"10.3897","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Danilo Oliveira","family":"Ramos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Vi\u00e7osa, Vi\u00e7osa, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro Thiago Santos","family":"Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Vi\u00e7osa, Vi\u00e7osa, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thiago Oliveira","family":"Cond\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Vi\u00e7osa, Vi\u00e7osa, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaciara","family":"dos Santos Santana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Vi\u00e7osa, Vi\u00e7osa, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olinto Liparini","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Vi\u00e7osa, Vi\u00e7osa, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2258","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"192047_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-67561-5_5"},{"key":"192047_B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2022.06.025"},{"key":"192047_B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12905\/0380.sydowia72-2020-0021"},{"key":"192047_B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3114\/fuse.2022.10.06"},{"key":"192047_B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00275514.1949.12017807"},{"key":"192047_B6","unstructured":"Ames LM (1961) A monograph of the Chaetomiaceae. 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